川盐古道文化遗产现状与保护研究

The Present Situation and Protection of the Cultural Heritage——the Ancient Road for the Transportation of Sichuan Salt

位于我国西南及中南地区的川盐古道是一条以盐运文化为特色的文化线路,沿线文化遗产类型多样、分布广泛、数量众多,遗存了古盐道、盐号、驿站、碑刻、古镇、古桥、会馆及船工号子等物质和非物质盐运文化遗产。随着经济社会的快速发展,尤其是现代化进程、城镇化建设加快及交通环境的巨大变化,川盐古道文化遗产面临濒危和急剧消失局面。现阶段,川盐古道文化遗产存在着缺乏协调保护机制、破坏性开发、文物保护滞后、"非遗"传承面临危机等问题,需要沿线各地联合行动、建立保护机制、及时普查抢救及开展合作研究等加以保护。川盐古道线性文化遗产的保护具有复杂性、长期性等特点,应借鉴国内外文化线路遗产管理的成功经验,结合盐运文化遗产保护、旅游规划和开发等现实问题,将川盐古道的保护与沿线各地方经济社会和文化的发展结合,探索出一条由陆地道路和水道混合类型构成的大型线性文化遗产保护和开发、管理的有效模式。

The ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt distributed in the vast south west and central-south China is an important cultural road, along which there are many types of widespread cultural heritages mostly related to the salt transportation, such as ancient road for salt transportation, salt transportation firm, courier station, tablet with inscriptions, ancient town, ancient bridge, guild hall, work songs of boatman and so on. With the rapid development of the economic society especially the acceleration of the modernization and urbanization and the great changes of traffic conditions, the ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt is endangered and disappears rapidly. At the present stage, there are many problems regarding the ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt： lack harmonious and protective mechanism, destructive exploitation, delayed heritage conservation, and the crisis of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. The cultural heritage needs joint action, protective mechanism, timely general investigation and rescue and cooperative research. The protection of the ancient road is of complexity and needs long term efforts. Combined with the realistic problems of protection, tourism planning and development of the salt transportation culture, it is necessary to explore an effective mode of protection, development and management of the large-scale Lineal or Serial Cultural Heritages composed of land and waterway by drawing on the successful experience of the foreign and domestic management of cultural heritage and integrate the protection of the ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt and the development of the local economical society and culture.