绍兴市青少年学生自我伤害特征及其危险因素分析

A study on the characteristics and risk factors of self- harm among adolescent students in Shaoxing City

目的了解绍兴市青少年学生自我伤害、抑郁和焦虑症状的流行状况,分析青少年学生自我伤害的危险因素.方法采用自填式问卷调查方法收集2345名青少年学生的人口学特征、自我伤害、抑郁和焦虑发生情况,采用Logistic回归分析青少年学生自我伤害发生的危险因素.结果绍兴市2009年青少年学生自我伤害发生率为16.38%,男生为15.29%,女生为17.38%.抑郁症状发生率为60.09%,焦虑发生率为11.47%.多因素分析显示,单亲家庭（OR=2.23,95%CI：1.15～4.34）、焦虑（OR=3.61,95%CI：2.67～4.48）、学习负担重（OR=1.85,95%CI：1.46～2.36）、睡眠≤6h（OR=2.13,95%CI：1.38～3.29）、年龄〈20岁（OR1=2.48,95%CI：1.53～4.53;OR2=2.22,95%CI：1.41～3.51）是青少年学生自我伤害的危险因素.结论绍兴市青少年学生自我伤害发生率较高,抑郁、焦虑症状在该人群中也较普遍,单亲家庭、焦虑、学习负担重、睡眠≤6h和年龄〈20岁学生易发生自我伤害.

Objective To learn the prevalence of self- harm,depression and anxiety symptoms among school students in Shaoxing city,and to analyze the risk factors of self- harm. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select one university,two high schools and two middle schools in Shaoxing City. A total of 2 345 students were selected by cluster sampling method. Information regarding demographic variables and self- harm were collected by self- administered questionnaire. The Zung's Self- rating Depression Scale and Zung's Self- rating Anxiety Scale was used to assess mental health status. The risk factors of self- harm were analyzed by Chi- square test and unconditional multivariate Logistic regression. Results The prevalence rate of self- harm among adolescents in Shaoxing city was 16. 38% during last year,with 15. 29% for male and 17. 37% for female. The prevalence rate of depression was 60. 09%,and the prevalence rate of anxiety was 11. 47%. Multivariate analysis indicated that living in single parent family( OR = 2. 23,95% CI = 1. 15-4. 34),anxiety( OR = 3. 61,95% CI = 2. 67- 4. 48),feeling difficulty of study( OR = 1. 85,95% CI = 1. 46- 2. 36),sleeping less than 6 hours every day( OR = 2. 13,95% CI = 1. 38- 3. 29),age less than 20 years old( OR1 = 2. 48,95% CI= 1. 53- 4. 53; OR2 = 2. 22,95% CI = 1. 41- 3. 51) were the risk factors of self- harm. Conclusions Self- harm,depression and anxiety symptoms are common among school students in Shaoxing city,and single parent family,feeling difficulty of study,sleeping less than 6 hours every day,age less than 20 years old were the risk factors of self- harm.