潮州古城信仰场所空间形态初探

A Study on the Space Morphology of the Worshipping Places in Chaozhou

潮州古城现有佛教信仰场所和民间信仰场所共32处。在祭祀空间的处理上,佛教寺院和较大规模的民间信仰场所采用的是一定形制的"殿"式祭拜空间模式,他们与附近街道无太大的交集,主要靠相关产业和在节庆时间与街道产生一定的关系;而分布在街头巷尾的民间信仰小庙采用的则是灵活的自由式祭拜空间模式,是信众根据崇拜的需要自己创造的祭拜空间,他们往往也是其所在街区居民日常生活的公共空间。在和城市关系的处理上,大型佛寺在维持其建筑形制的同时也配合城市的发展,能在两者间获得一个平衡;小型庵寺则随和地与周边城市共生共融;而民间信仰场所则更是成为信众在某些特定的节日和日常的社交场所,影响着周边街道的活力。

There are 32 Buddhist worshipping places and folk belief places in Chaozhou. The Buddhist temples and large-scale folk belief places use the space pattern of the house with a certain shape for the wor?ship and sacrifice, with little connection with nearby streets. Those small temples of folk beliefs are distributed in the streets in flexible freestyle worship space pattern, and they are created by the believers to meet the needs of worship and usually in the public space of the neighborhood. Large Buddhist temple can achieve a balance in maintaining its architectural form as well as cooperating with the development of the city. Small temples are in symbiotic harmony with the surrounding cities, while folk belief places become sites for certain festivals and daily social gathering.