金矿开采企业职业病危害因素的识别与分析

Identification and analysis of occupational hazard factors in gold mining enterprises

目的识别与分析山东省3家金矿开采企业可能产生的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,为金矿开采企业职业病危害因素的识别及控制提供对策与依据。方法采用现场调研、现场检测、综合分析等方法对3家企业进行职业病危害因素分析。结果 3家金矿开采企业存在的主要职业病危害因素有矽尘、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、噪声和手传振动等。对其进行的现场检测结果表明,12个粉尘检测点的合格率41.7%;测量了12个8 h等效声级噪声,合格率为75.0%;12个一氧化碳检测点的合格率为100.0%;12个二氧化氮检测点的合格率为100.0%;对3个凿岩工手传振动进行了测量,全部超标。结论金矿开采企业针对职业病危害因素采取了整体自然通风与机械通风相结合的方法,达到了一定的防护效果。针对现场调查及检测中易产生危害的岗位,建议企业采取有效的防护措施及加强对员工的个体防护,预防与控制职业病的发生。

[Objective]To identify and analyze the possible occupational hazard factors and the hazard degree in 3 gold mining enterprises of Shandong Province,provide the countermeasures and basis for the identification and analysis of occupational hazard factors in gold mining enterprises. [Methods]The occupational hazard factors in 3 enterprises were analyzed by the field investigation, field detection and comprehensive analysis. [Results]The major occupational hazard factors in 3 gold mining enterprises were silica dust,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,noise and hand-transmitted vibration.The field detection results indicated that the qualified rate of dust in 12 detection points was 41.7%,the qualified rate of 8-hour equivalent sound level in12 noise detection points was 75.0%,the qualified rate of carbon monoxide concentration in 12 detection points was 100.0%,the qualified rate of nitrogen dioxide concentration in 12 detection points was 100.0%,and the intensity of hand-transmitted vibration of 3 drilling workers exceeded the national standard.[Conclusion]The gold mining enterprises have taken the combination methods of overall natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation,which have achieved the certain protective effect. According to results of field investigation,it is suggested that the enterprises should take effective measures and strengthen the individual protection of employees,to prevent and control the occurrence of occupational diseases.