中美大学生心理适应水平比较

Comparative study on psychological adaption level between college students from China and the United States

目的探讨中美两国大学生在不同文化背景下的心理调适水平特征。方法选择美国德克萨斯州立大学356名学生和中国南京航空航天大学704名学生为研究对象,运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对美国与中国大学生心理适应水平进行问卷调查,并与中国青年常模进行比较。结果美国大学生与中国青年常模相比较,躯体化(t=2.17,P<0.05)、强迫(t=5.49,P<0.01)、敌对(t=2.11,P<0.05)因子得分的差异有统计学意义;中国大学生与中国青年常模相比较,躯体化(t=8.41,P<0.01)、焦虑(t=8.41,P<0.01)、恐怖(t=6.42,P<0.01)、敌对(t=2.84,P<0.05)、精神病性因子得分(t=5.14,P<0.01)的差异有统计学意义;中美大学生比较:美国大学生在躯体化、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性得分均低于中国大学生,而强迫得分高于中国大学生,差异均有统计学意义。结论美国大学生心理调适水平较高,略优于中国大学生,这主要源于中美两国社会环境、历史文化背景以及教育体制的差异。

[Objective]To explore the characteristics of psychological adaption level of college students from China and the United States under different cultural background. [Methods]356 students from the Texas State University of the United States and 704 students from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the psychological adaption level of college students from China and the United States by the Symptom check list-90（SCL-90）,and the results were compared with Chinese youth norm. [Results]There were statistically significant differences in scores of somatization（t=2.17,P〈0.05）,obsessive-compulsive（t=5.49,P〈0.01） and hostility（t=2.11,P〈0.05）between the United States college students and Chinese youth norm.There were statistically significant differences in scores of somatization（t=8.41,P〈0.01）,anxiety（t=8.41,P〈0.01）,horror（t=6.42,P〈0.01）,hostility（t=2.84,P〈0.05） and psychoticism（t=5.14,P〈0.01）between the Chinese college students and Chinese youth norm. The scores of somatization,anxiety,horror and psychoticism in the United States college students were lower than those in Chinese college students,while the scores of obsessive-compulsive in the United States college students were higher than those in Chinese college students,and the difference was statistically significant. [Conclusion]The psychological adaption level of the United States college students is slightly better than that of Chinese college students,which is mainly caused by the different social environment,cultural background and educational system of two countries.