大学生主观幸福感与生活满意度、压力和焦虑的关系

Relationship among subjective well-being and life satisfaction, stress, anxiety of college students

目的探讨大学生主观幸福感与生活满意度、压力和焦虑的关系,为大学生的心理健康教育提供依据。方法选择2014年某大学秋季入学的大学一年级学生350名,在入学2个月后,组织团体测试,采用幸福感指数量表、大学生生活满意度评定量表(CSLSS)、感知压力问卷(PSS)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)进行测评。采用独立样本t检验、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归等方法进行得分情况统计。结果不同特征的大学生在幸福感指数量表与2个焦虑量表上的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。主观幸福感与压力、状态焦虑、特质焦虑均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。不同主观幸福感水平的大学生在压力、状态焦虑、特质焦虑方面有显著差异。回归分析显示,生活满意度(β=-0.292)、状态焦虑(β=0.217)、特质焦虑(β=0.020)、压力(β=-0.059)4个自变量共可解释主观幸福感变量17.1%的变异量,其中影响最显著的预测变量为生活满意度。结论压力、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、生活满意度等因素会在一定程度上影响大学生主观幸福感,应考虑在大学生入学初期采取有效的心理支持与辅导。

[Objective]To explore the relationship among subjective well-being and life satisfaction,stress,anxiety of college students,provide the basis for mental health education in college students.[Methods]350 freshmen who entered the college in the fall of 2014 were recruited in this study. The respondents were tested by the happiness scale（SWB）,the college students life satisfaction rating scale（CSLSS）,the perceived stress questionnaire（PSS） and the state-trait anxiety questionnaire（STAI） two months after enrollment. Independent sample t test,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied in the statistical analysis. [Results]The differences in scores of SWB and STAI were statistically significant among college students with different characteristics（P〈0.01）. The subjective well-being was negatively correlated with stress,state anxiety and trait anxiety（all P〈0.05）. The college students with different subjective well-being levels had the statistically significant differences in stress,state anxiety and trait anxiety. Regression analysis showed that four independent variables,which included life satisfaction（β=-0.292）,state anxiety（β=0.217）,trait anxiety（β=0.020）and stress（β=-0.059）,could explain 17.1% of the total variance of subjective well-being,and the life satisfaction had the most significant impact on subjective well-being.[Conclusion]Stress,state anxiety,trait anxiety and life satisfaction may influence the subjective well-being of college students in a certain extent. It is necessary to offer effective psychological support and counseling to freshmen at the beginning of college period.