饮用水消毒副产物对健康的危害及其影响因素研究进展

Research progress on side effect of disinfection by-products in drinking water and its influencing factors

饮用水消毒副产物是消毒剂与饮用水中一些天然有机物或无机物反应生成的化合物,对人体健康存在一定的威胁。作者从消毒副产物的分类的角度出发,综合了国内外关于饮用水消毒副产物的研究文献,分析了三卤甲烷、卤乙酸和3-氯4-二氯甲基-5-羟基-2(5氢)-呋喃酮(MX)对于人群健康产生的致癌性、致突变性等。其中,对于MX这类含量低、毒性大的副产物着重介绍了毒性机制的研究,以期能深入研究其检验方法,降低甚至消除其在饮用水中的浓度。同时,对饮用水消毒副产物可能的影响因素,包括有机碳、投氯量、水源水质、金属离子等,进行了进一步的综合分析,以提高人群认识度,为保障水质安全提供了一定的基础资料和科学依据。

Disinfection by-products in drinking water are a series of compounds that disinfectant generated after reaction with some natural organic matter or inorganic matter in water, which pose a threat to human health. Based on the classification of disinfection by-products,this article reviews the recent studies at home and abroad on the disinfection by-products in drinking water in order to analyze the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of THMs,HAAs and MX. Meanwhile,the authors mainly introduce the toxic mechanism of MX,which the disinfection by-product has the features of lower content and high toxicity,in order to thoroughly discuss the test method and reduce or even eliminate its concentration in the drinking water.Moreover,the paper makes the further comprehensive analysis on the possible influencing factors of disinfection by-products in drinking water,including organic carbon,chlorine dosage,quality of water source and metal ions,to increase awareness among population,and provide the basic data and scientific basis for ensuring the security of water quality.