安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区水鸟生境适宜性变化

Habitat suitability change of water birds in Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve,Anhui Province

水鸟是湿地生态系统健康的指示生物,人类活动对其影响日益严重.研究自然保护区内的水鸟生境适宜性变化可以为湿地恢复提供帮助.通过层次分析法确定水鸟生境影响因子的权重,建立生境适宜性指数模型,根据TM遥感影像图和相关数据计算出安徽省升金湖国家级自然保护区1986-2011年5个年份的水鸟生境适宜指数,并结合GIS空间分析生成的水鸟生境适宜性分级图,分析升金湖建立保护区后水鸟生境适宜性变化.结果表明:升金湖地区在1986年建保护区后的几年间水鸟生境适宜性相对平稳,但是仍然有较为明显的下降;1990s后期,该地区水鸟生境适宜性开始显著恶化,一直持续到2000年之后才有小幅度的回升.水鸟生境适宜性最好的区域由片状分散逐渐转变成小范围聚集,适宜区域也在由实验区和缓冲区向核心区迁移的过程中显著缩减.本文还讨论了在研究中存在的不足,并提出一些恢复水鸟生境的建议.

Water bird is an indicator of a healthy wetland ecosystem. It has been affected more and more by human activities re- cently. The research, which focuses on environmental suitability change of its habitat in the nature conservative area, may help re- store the wetland to some extent. In this paper, we determined the proportion of each factor that may affect the habitat of water bird through the Analytic Hierarchy Process and established an index model for its habitat suitability. According to TM remote sensing images and historical data, we calculated the habitat suitability index of the Shengiinhu National Nature Reserve in five years, from 1986 to 2011. Besides, we analyzed the suitability change of its habitat after the establishment of the natural reserve, combined with the habitat suitability classification map using GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that its habitat suitability was relatively stable in the early years after the establishment of natural reserve in 1986, whereas an obvious decrease was also observed. The habi- tat suitability began to deteriorate significantly in the late 1990s. The situation lasted until the year 2000, after when it was improved slightly. The districts which had the best habitat suitability were gradually changing from scattered plate-like area to aggregated small range. Suitable area was also obviously reduced during the migration from the experimental and buffer area to tile core area. The most suitable areas gradually evolved into suitable areas, while regular suitable region was mainly composed of a suitable area to change, mini-suitable and not suitable for area also increased year by year. Moreover, we discussed imperfections of this research, and pro- vided several suggestions on protecting and rebuilding the habitat suitability of water bird.