糖尿病患者社区自我管理小组活动前后自我效能与生存质量评价

Evaluation on self-efficacy and quality of life among patients with diabetes before and after community self-management activities

目的评价糖尿病患者在社区自我管理小组活动前后自我效能与生存质量的变化情况。方法在活动前后,对参加活动的糖尿病患者分别采用"糖尿病病人自我效能量表"和"简明健康测量量表"评估其自我效能和生存质量状况。结果共调查391名糖尿病患者,获得有效分析问卷368份,应答率为94.1%。糖尿病患者的自我效能从总量表到各个分量表的得分和得分指标,在活动后均较活动前升高(均有P<0.05):自我效能得分升高幅度为(1.6±4.2)^(17.7±28.4),不同方面得分指标的升高幅度相对接近,范围为10.4%~13.7%。在自我效能水平的构成上,高水平所占比例升高(P<0.001)。糖尿病患者生存质量在不同维度上的得分,活动后较活动前均升高(均有P<0.05),升高幅度为(2.0±11.7)^(12.8±41.3)。结论社区自我管理小组活动能够有效改善糖尿病患者的自我效能和提高其生存质量。

Objective To evaluate the self-efficacy and the quality of life among patients with diabetes before and after community self-management activities. Methods At the beginning and the end of a series of self-management activities,Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale（ DSES） and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Scale（ SF-36） were employed to evaluate the self-efficacy and the quality of life,respectively. Results A total of 391 patients with diabetes were interviewed and data of 368 qualified were analyzed,and responding rate was 94. 1%. Compared with the baseline,the scores and the score indices of different aspects of self-efficacy were all found to be significantly improved after activities（ P〈0. 001）.The increased range of self-efficacy was（ 1. 6 ± 4. 2）（ in taking drugs）-（ 17. 7 ± 28. 4）（ in total self-efficacy）,and10. 4%（ in having drugs）-13. 7%（ in total self-efficacy） of the score indices. The percentage of high level of self-efficacy also dramatically increased（ P〈0. 001）. Statistically significant improvement on the scores of the quality of life were observed in all eight dimensions（ all P〈0. 05）,with a range from 2. 0 ± 11. 7（ in physical function dimension） to 12. 8 ±41. 3（ in emotional function dimension）. Conclusions Community self-management activities are effective in improving the self-efficacy and the quality of life among patients with diabetes.