长期施肥下我国南方不同轮作制度水稻的高产稳产性分析

The Analyses of Sustainable Yield Index of Rice Under Long-term Fertilization with Different Rotation Systems in Southern China

采用产量可持续性指数（SYI）法，研究了我国稻作系统下8个长期试验点各8个不同肥料处理下水稻产量的稳产高产性特征，其中施肥模式包括氮磷钾化肥（NPK）的不同组合（N、NP、NK、PK、NPK）、全施用有机肥（M）、化肥配施肥有机肥（NPKM）及不施肥（cK）共8个处理。结果表明：不同施肥下水稻的SYI值不同，不施肥和化肥偏施（N、NK和PK）水稻SYI值较低（0．33～0．49），而NP、NPK、M及NPKM处理水稻SYI值较高（0．51-0．64）。不同区域间水稻SYI值（CK或NPK）差异不显著，但不同轮作间差异显著，其中单季稻（0．49）显著高于早稻（O．44）和晚N（0．47）。水稻各处理的SYI值与其平均产量间呈极显著的正相关关系，而与产量变异系数为显著负相关，表明可以通过提高水稻产量及其稳定性来提高水稻产量的可持续性。因此，施肥是影响水稻SYI值的重要因素，化肥配施及有机无机配施均能获得较高SYI值，维持较高的水稻可持续性，是可推荐的稻田施肥模式。

A sustainable yield index （SYI） was used to investigate the effects of fertilization on high and stable rice productivity in eight long-term experiment trails with rice-wheat and rice-rice rotations in southern China. There were eight treatments in each of long-term trails： control （CK）, chemical nitrogen （N）, chemical N and potassium （NK）, chemical N and phosphorous （NP）, chemical NPK, application of manure （M） and NPK plus M （NPKM）. Results showed that the SYI values of rice varied with different fertilization types and cropping systems. The SYI values of rice in the N, NK and PK treatments （0.33-0.49） were lower than those in the NP, NPK, M and NPKM treatments （0.514）.64）. There were no significant differences among the SYI values in the eight sites across the CK and NPK treatments. For different cropping systems, however, the SYI values were significantly different among the single rice （0.49）, early-rice （0.44） and late-rice （0.47）. A significantly positive correlation was found between SYI value and average yield and a significant negative correlation was found between SYI value and yield variation indexes, which suggested that sustaining of rice yield could be achieved by promoting of rice productivity and stability. Thus, rice SYI could be significantly improved by fertilizers applied, particularly by applications of NPK and NPK plus manure in the rice dominated regions.