生物质灰肥特性及对杨梅生长发育与果实品质的影响

Characteristics of Biomass Ash Fertilizer and Its Effects on Growth and Fruit Qualities of Red Bayberry

生物质灰肥是利用生物质燃烧残渣开发的一种富含矿质营养元素的肥料。本文分析了4种原料生物质灰渣的特性,研究了生物质灰肥对杨梅(以荸荠种和东魁种为供试品种)生长发育和品质的影响。结果表明:生物质灰渣富含K、Si、Ca、Mg等营养元素,重金属含量符合国家标准。相同总养分含量条件下,生物质灰肥处理较杨梅专用肥和普通复合肥及对照处理明显提高杨梅坐果率与优质果比例,并使总可溶性固形物及糖含量较对照和普通复合肥处理显著上升;可滴定酸含量、Vc含量、单果重与其他3个处理差异显著,果实品质明显改善;东魁杨梅、荸荠杨梅的单株产量增幅最高分别可达26%、27%;同时,施用生物质灰肥能促进早熟。因此,将生物质灰肥用于杨梅生产可以提高其品质,并减少生物质灰渣对环境的污染。

Biomass ash fertilizer developed from biomass combustion residues is rich in mineral nutrition. In this article, component characteristics of biomass ashes were analyzed and biomass ash fertilizer was used to study its effects on the growth and quality of the red bayberry （Biqi and Dongkui cultivars）. Results showed that, biomass ashes had high concentrations in nutrients such as K, Si, Ca and Mg, the concentrations of heavy metals were also lower than national standards; biomass ash fertilizer increased fruit setting rate and high quality fruit rate significantly compared with the other two kinds of fertilizers and the control, increased the total soluble solid （TSS）, sugar, and Vc contents as well as weight per fruit significantly compared to the common compound fertilizers and the control; Dongkui bayberry and Biqi bayberry increased the yields by 26%, 27% separately, shortened the maturity date. Therefore, biomass ash fertilizer can be used to promote the quality of the red bayberry, thus can alleviate its risk of environmental pollution.