省际与省内流动人口空间分布及其影响因素的差异——以福建省为例

Differences in the Spatial Distribution and Its Determinants between Inter- and Intra-provincial Floating Population——The Case of Fujian Province

本文基于福建省第六次人口普查和社会经济数据,从县市(区)层面分析省际与省内流动人口空间分布及其影响因素的差异。研究发现,省际流动人口对流入地的选择具有明显的空间偏好,空间分布呈现出"东南高,西北低"的宏观格局,"福厦泉"地区是集聚中心,中西部和北部地区则为边缘区;省内流动人口的空间分布则相对较为均衡。省际流动人口流入主要取决于流入地区的经济发展水平,与流入地区所能提供的制造业就业机会密切相关;而省内流动人口流入则主要取决于流入地区的社会事业发展水平,呈现出高生活质量驱动,良好个人发展条件驱动,知识和技术密集型职业驱动的特征。同时,流入地区的经济发展水平也是重要的"拉力"条件。

Based on the data from the 6th census and other socioeconomic data of Fujian Province,this pa-per analyzes the differences in the spatial distribution and its determinants between inter- and intra-provin-cial floating population at the spatial level of counties and municipalities. The results show that： members ofthe inter-provincial floating population have strong spatial preference in destination choice,with their mi-gration rate higher in the southeastern part of the province and lower in the northwest part of the province;they mainly concentrated in the＂Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou＂region,and are rarely distributed in thenorthwest and central regions. In contrast,the spatial distribution of the intra-provincial floating populationis relatively balanced among the regions in the province. The results further show that the inflow of the in-ter-provincial floating population is mainly driven by the level of economic development of the destinationareas,especially job opportunities provided by the manufacturing industries; However,the inflow of the in-tra-provincial floating population is mainly determined by the level of social program development of thedestination areas,with high living quality,favorable conditions for personal development,knowledge-andtechnology-intensive occupations as the main driving forces,although the level of economic development isalso a crucial pull factor.