陕北地区黄土崩塌破坏模式分类及防控对策研究

Failure Modes Classification and Countermeasures of Loess Collapse in Northern Shaanxi Area

黄土崩塌病害问题成为困扰陕北地区基础建设的技术难题,严重威胁交通、建筑的运营安全,但针对其崩塌破坏模式及对应防控对策展开系统、总结性的研究较少。基于陕北地区黄土边坡特有发育特征,综合分析该地区典型黄土崩塌灾害,对陕北黄土崩塌破坏模式进行系统提炼、归纳,从破坏形式上将其分为:剥落式、崩落式、台阶式、倾倒式、滑移式、冒落式6种;从破坏驱动机制上将其分为:应力型驱动、节理型驱动、扰动型驱动、混合型驱动4种。此外,针对各自的破坏模式,通过广泛归纳目前常用处置手段,提出各自对应的有效防控对策。研究成果对于陕北地区黄土崩塌破坏认知、具体防控手段选择具有重要工程参考价值。

Loess collapse has become a technological problem in the infrastructure in Northern Shaanxi area severely threatening the safety of traffic and buildings.But systematic and summative studies on the failure modes and pre-vention measures are rarely seen.In this paper according to the peculiar development characteristics of loess slope in Northern Shaanxi,typical loess collapses in this region are comprehensively analysed,and the failure modes are summarized.In terms of failure pattern,the loess collapses are divided into spalling,caving,step-falling,toppling, sliding,and roof-falling.And in terms of collapse mechanism,the loess collapses are driven by stress,joint devel-opment,human and precipitation disturbance,as well as the combined action of multiple factors.In addition,com-monly adopted countermeasures are summarized and effective measures corresponding to different failure modes are proposed.