集聚不经济与中小城镇的结构优化作用

Agglomeration Diseconomies and the Structural Optimization of Smaller Cities and Townships

城市化建设中的集聚不经济现象日趋严重有其理论原因,主要是传统分析框架忽视了效率的形成有时是以消费效用的损失为代价的。通过构建分区的外部性分析框架,先分析了城市规模的过度扩张会给原有居民造成越来越严重的集聚不经济,这是城市应有边界的重要依据之一。同时又基于差异性的集聚收益与成本函数框架分析了产业与人口集聚的不协调和就业与居住分离所产生的集聚不经济,尤其是盲目的低层次的产业和人口集聚有可能会对大城市的高级城市功能造成冲击。中小城镇的结构优化作用主要是空间上的资源配置与集聚结构优化和动态的结构优化。而以集聚经济与疏散状态资源利用的多维价值取向优势为两极,可以较好地解释中小城镇在结构优化中的作用。

There is a theoretical reason for the ever-increasingly serious agglomeration diseconomies in urbanization: the ignorance of the fact in the framework of traditional analysis that efficiency is obtained sometimes at the cost of utility. Based on a zoning-based external analytical framework, the paper analyzes the ever worsening agglomeration diseconomies for the city dwellers caused by excessive urban expansion, which is against the unlimited expansion of cities. Based on a differentiated agglomeration benefit and cost variable framework, it analyzes the disharmony between industries and population, the agglomeration diseconomies out of the separation of employment and dwelling, and, in particular, the impact of low-level industry and population agglomeration on the higher city functions. The structural optimization of smaller cities and townships are mainly manifested in the optimization of spatial allocation, agglomeration, and dynamic structural improvement. The role of smaller cities and townships in structural optimization can be explained by multi-dimensional values such as agglomeration economies and dispersed resource utilization.