我国三级甲等医院专科护士队伍培养与使用现状的调查研究

The survey of the construction of specialist nurses in third-grade class-A hospitals in China

目的调查我国三级甲等医院专科护士的培养与使用现状。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对全国26个省、市、自治区共71家三级甲等医院专科护士的培养与使用情况进行调查。结果所调查医院专科护士数量占护士队伍的10.10%;所有调查医院均设立了明确的专科护士选拔标准,并主要以学历和(或)职称和(或)工作经历作为选拔依据;71所医院共在23个专科开展了专科护士培养,其中,培养率大于70%的专科分别是危重症、手术室、急诊、肿瘤、伤口造口、血液净化、静脉治疗领域;81.69%的医院,专科护士采用全脱产培训形式;全部医院为护士培训期间提供假期,94.37%的医院全部报销学费,66.20%的医院在学习期间不影响护士奖金;取证后,73.24%的医院为专科护士提供优先外出培训机会,50.70%的医院对其职称晋级有倾斜,30.99%和7.04%的医院分别有奖金倾斜和设立特殊补贴;取证后,45.07%的医院实行专科护士再认证机制。结论三级甲等医院专科护士队伍蓬勃发展,但其培养体系有待进一步健全,临床角色定位有待进一步明确,配套管理体系有待进一步完善。

Objective To describe the current situation of the specialist nurses in third-grade class-A hospitals in China. Methods We investigated the training and using condition of the specialist nurses from 71 third-grade class-A hospitals in 26 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） with self-designed questionnaire. Results The number of specialist nurses accounted for 10.10% of the nurse team. All hospitals had set up clear selection criteria of specialist nurses,mainly focusing on education background,professional title and （or） working experience. There were 23 training areas in 71 hospitals,and the following had a training ratio higher than 70% ：intensive care,operating nursing,emergency nursing,tumor care,wound and enterostomal care,blood-purification,intravenous therapy. In 81.69% of the investigated hospitals,fully off-job training was conducted. All hospitals permitted holi- days during training. 94.37% of the hospitals would pay for all training cost while 66.20% would provide bonus as usual. For certified specialist nurses,73.24% of the hospitals would provide external training opportunities,while 50.70% would give promotion advantages,and 30.99% would give more bonus while 7.04% would set up a special subsidies. 45.07% of the hospitals would re-certificate specialist nurses. Conclusion The construction of specialist nurses team in third-grade class-A hospitals develops well. But the training system of specialist nurses should be further improved. The elinieal role of specialist nurse should be further clarified. And the management system should be further perfected.