回授法对养老机构老年人糖尿病相关健康素养的影响研究

Evaluation of education effects of Teach-back method on senior citizens' diabetes related health literacy in nursing homes

目的探讨回授法对养老机构老年人糖尿病相关健康素养的影响。方法采用分层抽样方法从乌鲁木齐市登记在册的27所养老机构中抽取10所,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采取回授法和同伴教育方法,对照组采取同伴教育方法,干预前后分别对两组研究对象糖尿病相关健康素养总得分及4个维度得分情况进行比较。结果干预后实验组糖尿病相关健康素养总得分由(15.63士3.71)分提升到(31.14±3.51)分,其中各维度得分均比干预前高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组研究对象在糖尿病健康素养总得分、健康知识得分、健康信念得分、健康技能得分之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),健康行为得分在干预前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后实验组糖尿病相关健康素养总得分及各维度得分均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论回授法是一种行之有效的方法,通过提高老年人的糖尿病相关健康素养水平,增强老年人未病先防的健康意识,降低或延缓糖尿病的发生及并发症的出现,最终实现老年人的健康老龄化。

Objective To investigate the diabetes related health literacy level in nursing homes,and evaluate the effectiveness of the Teach-back method intervention. Methods Ten out of 27 registered nursing homes were extracted using stratified cluster random sampling method,and the selected nursing homes were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received Teach-back and peer education method, and the control group received peer education method. The diabetes related health literacy total scores and each dimension scores of the the two groups were compared before and after the intervention. Results After the inter- vention,the diabetes related health literacy total score of the experimental group improved from（15.63±3.71） to （31.14± 3.51）. Each dimension score was higher than that before the intervention with statistical significance（P〈0.05）;the dif- ferences between diabetes related health literacy total score,knowledge attainment score,faith accomplishment score and technical accomplishment score of the control group were statistically significant（P〈0.05）,but the behavior literacy before and after the intervention was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.Compared with the difference between the two groups after the intervention ,the total score and each dimension score of the diabetes related health literacy of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically signif- icant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Teach-back is an effective method for senior citizens to improve the diabetes related health literacy level,strength the idea of preventive treatment of disease,reduce or delay the occurrence of the diabetes and the complications,and ultimately realize healthy aging.