基于GIS的湖北省森林生态系统定位观测研究网络规划

A plan for a forest ecosystem observation research network,based on GIS,in Hubei province

森林生态系统定位观测研究站可为森林经营和生态效益评估提供基础数据。以湖北省为例,设计森林生态系统定位观测研究网络的指标体系,基于球状模型进行普通克里格插值,与GIS的空间叠置分析相耦合,生成湖北省生态地理区划和生态功能区划;建立森林生态站网络规划的有效分区,进行森林生态站站点布设,构建了湖北省森林生态系统定位观测研究网络;总结讨论了该网络的合理性和保障措施、与其它生态站网络的比较和网络规划的局限性。结果表明:该网络将湖北省划分成12个分区,共布设16个森林生态站,其中计划建设12个生态站,已经建设4个生态站;不仅可以监测湖北省81.8%的森林面积,88.9%的生态功能区面积,98.2%的重点生态功能区面积和87.5%的生物多样性保护优先区面积,而且9个森林生态站分布与湖北省4个重点生态功能区和3个生物多样性保护优先区相匹配。该网络可以实现森林生态系统生态要素的连续观测与清查,为森林生态服务功能和生态效益评估,以及重大生态工程提供数据支撑和辅助决策分析依据。

Forest ecosystem observation research stations provide valuable data for forest management and ecological benefit assessments. Currently,the lack of long-term,standardized ecological data is one of the most important factors limiting effective ecological benefit assessments and the implementation of ecological engineering projects. As a result,there is a need to plan forest ecosystem observation research networks. This study focuses on the development of a forest ecosystem observation research network for Hubei province,China. First,the main indicators used as a basis for network planning were defined. These included temperature,vegetation type,terrain,and functional ecological zone. Annual accumulated temperatures（ average daily temperature ≥10 ℃） and accumulated temperature days（ average daily temperature ≥10 ℃）were selected as the temperature indicators. Vegetation groups in level 5 of the China vegetation regionalization program were chosen as the vegetation indicator. Terrain data,corrected by the digital elevation model（ DEM）,were chosen as the terrain indicator. Zones with different ecological functions within forest types were selected as ecological function indicators.These were also defined by overlying important ecological function zones and priority biodiversity conservation zones.Interpolation was carried out using ordinary kriging with a spherical model in Arc GIS software. This GIS analysis enabled thecreation of a zoning plan for Hubei province that included eco-geographic and ecological function aspects. Second,relatively homogeneous areas were identified as target areas for the forest ecosystem monitoring network on the basis of the ecogeographic zones of Hubei Province. A spatial analysis of the monitoring scope was implemented to determine the potential coverage of the network plan. Functionally important zones were identified as a priority and the areas at the centers of these zones were located with Arc GIS software. The final stage in the development of the forest ecosystem observation research network plan was a spatial analysis of the density of forest ecological stations to determine optimal station locations. The results of our analysis indicated that an optimal forest ecological monitoring network is achieved when Hubei province is divided into 12 partitions and 16 forest ecological stations are constructed; 12 forest ecological stations are planned and 4forest ecological stations are established. In this network,the area of forest monitored and the accuracy of the ecological function zone area were as high as 81.8% and 88.9%,respectively. In addition,coverage of important ecological function areas and biodiversity conservation priority areas was also high,with accuracies reaching 98.2% and 87.5%,respectively.The plan to include nine forest ecological stations was consistent with the existence of four important ecological function zones and three biodiversity conservation priority zones. The results provide strong scientific evidence for the adoption of a forest ecosystem observation research network planning approach in Hubei province. Finally,the safeguards for this network were analyzed,including organization and policy,funding,management,and team building. The construction,operation,and management of ecological monitoring stations and data collection work followed the People＇s Republic of China forestry industry standards. The development of this network followed a ＂plan first and then build ＂approach and differed in a number of ways from other networks. There were some limitations to the data collection capacity of this network. For example,the presence of forests and crops on the Jianghan Plain resulted in classification errors that slightly influenced the results. To conclude,this monitoring network enables the effective implementation of forest ecosystem monitoring and provides data for assessment of forest ecosystem services and ecological benefits,along with providing important information that aids decision-making for major ecological projects.