日本五龙祭与中国的文化关系

The Relationship between Japanese Goryūsai and Chinese Culture

五龙祭是日本平安时代由阴阳寮举行的一种祈雨祭祀,常与东密的请雨经法一起举行,但对于其与中国文化的渊源至今语焉未详。本文首先对平安朝的五龙祭祭祀及其与请雨经法的关系做一介绍,然后考察五龙祭与董仲舒求雨法的关系,最后分析五龙祭与唐朝五龙祠的异同,通过五龙祭的由来揭示当时日本吸纳中国文化的外部环境与内在机理。

The Goryúsai （the rite of the five dragons） is a rain ritual that was officiated by the Bureau of Yin and Yang （onmyōryō） in the Heian period, usually performed with the Shōu-kyō-h6 of Shingon. But details about the relationship between Japanese Goryosai and Chinese culture are still missing. This essay firstly introduces the Goryosai and its connection to Shōu-kyō-hō, then looks at the relationship between Gorysai and the rain rituals of Dong Zhongshu, and finally analyzes the difference between the Goryúsai and Wulongci of the Tang dynasty. Through a discussion of the origin of the Goryosai, the oaoer attemots to draw out the mechanism by which Jaoan absorbed asoects of Chinese culture.