试论刘勰的楚辞观

On Liu Xie's view of Chuci

刘勰在《辨骚》篇以宗经与新变的文学观为指导,集中而全面阐述了他的楚辞观。他首先批评汉人单纯"依经立义"的观点是"褒贬任声,抑扬过实",继而指出楚辞与儒家经典的"四同""四异",认为楚辞乃"《雅》《颂》之博徒,词赋之英杰",更着重从新变即创新的角度充分肯定楚辞巨大的文学成就,对屈原"自铸伟词"之创造性极尽推崇和赞赏,指出以屈原作品为代表的楚辞是"气往轹古,辞来切今,惊采绝艳,难与并能"的一代奇文,把屈原和楚辞的文学史地位推向了前所未有的高度,并顺便论及楚辞对后世文学的影响,强调其"衣被词人,非一代也"。刘勰虽然没有摆脱宗经观念的束缚,但他能以一个文学评论家的眼光,独树一帜,别开生面,从文学发展创新的角度特别重视和充分揭示楚辞卓绝的文学成就、价值和奇特魅力,这在楚辞学史上具有极其重要的意义。

In Biansao Liu Xie took the theory of religion and the new literature as a guide, comprehensively expounds his view of Chuci. He firstly criticized Han＇s point of view ＂the arguments in accordance with Jing＂are ＂focused on the surface, often does not conform to the reality＂. Then he pointed out Chuci＇s ＂four same＂ and ＂four different＂ with Confucian classics： He thinks Chuci is ＂the successor of Ya and Song , the outstanding work of Ci and Fu＂that is ＂elegant＂. He fully affirmed the great literature achievements of Chuei from the perspective of innovation, and highly praised and appreciated Qu Yuan＇s creative. He pointed out that Chuci as Qu Yuan＇s representative works is a remarkable piece of writing, and pushed Qu Yuan and Chuci＇s status on literature history to an unprecedented height, by the way he talked about the effect of Chu ci on later literature. Liu Xie although has not gotten rid of the yoke of the concept of Jing, but he can pay highly attention and fully reveal Chuci＇s extraordinary literature achievements, value and unique charm from the angle of innovation and development as a literary critic, which has extremely important significance in Chu ci history.