南宋绘画图式对宋元时期日本水墨画的影响

The Influence of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Schema on Japanese Ink Painting of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

南宋画家们把观察方式由整体把握趋向深入细节并由远观转为近视,开创了以少胜多、空灵深远的格局。宋代理学的发展,使中国画构图技法更加完善并有了全新的突破。宋元时期中国禅宗极盛,禅宗和宋元文化的输入使得水墨画在日本风靡一时。此时,日本水墨画对南宋的摄取除了审美意识外,更重要的是绘画图式。我国南宋绘画简洁的构图——以小见大、以少见多、以简代繁、以空代实,使单纯的画面充满生机,与日本民族空寂、闲寂、禅意等日本传统美学形态承袭融会并深深地影响着宋元时期日本水墨画的发展。

The change in painters＇ observation angle from overall grasp to delicate detail, from far view to close look set the high -efficiency painting style that was deep, quiet and free. The development of Neo - Confucianism improved the composition techniques of Chinese painting as well as a new breakthrough. Besides, the Song and Yuan dynasties were the heyday of Zen. The introduction of Zen and Song culture made fashion of ink painting for some time in Japan. The intake of Japanese ink paint- ing from the South Song Dynasty included the painting schema as well as the aesthetic consciousness. The simple and vivid pat- tern of Chinese paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty encountered and integrated into the traditional Japanese aesthetic form of emptiness, leisureliness and Zen, which had generated a profound influence on the development of Japanese ink painting during the Song and Yuan dynasties.