少数民族人口流动特征与就业质量研究

A Study on the Flow Characteristics of Ethnic Minority Population and Its Employment Quality

本文利用全国1%人口抽样调查数据,分析少数民族人口流动与就业特点,进而对其城镇化质量做出基本判断。研究发现,新世纪以来,少数民族人口流动进入活跃期,但少数民族因务工经商迁移比例仍然偏低;多数人选择省内流动,部分人跨区流动半径很大;农业户口女性、未成年人流动比例很高;少数民族人口流动相对滞后。少数民族流动人口总体的就业质量不高,表现为虽然雇主、自营劳动者比例较高,但主要集中于低端行业,极少从事技术含量较高的职业,平均收入明显较低,绝大部分人未签订劳动合同、未参加社会保险,游离于流入地劳动力市场制度的保护之外。

Based on the data of the 1%population sample survey,the paper analyzes the characteristics of ethnic minority population flow and employment and makes a general judgment on the quality of the urbanization of ethnic minority.The study shows that since the beginning of the new century,an active development of ethnic minority population flow has appeared.However,the ratio of the migration for the work and business is still low.Most of the population select a small scope flow,such as within their own provinces,and only some of them select a large range flow.Meanwhile,female agricultural population and adolescent population has a high liquidity ratio.In general,ethnic minority population flow relatively lags.The overall employment quality of ethnic minority flow population is not high,which shows that the population mainly concentrate in low-end industries,are seldom engaged in high-tech career,and have low average income despite the large proportion of employers and self-employed workers.In addition,most of them do not sign labor contracts or participate in social insurance,which excludes them from the protection of the labor market system of the inflow place.