东部乌桓从朝贡成员到编户齐民的演变

Eastern Wuhuan People:From the Tributary Members to the Bianhu Members

西汉武帝时被汉军迁至东北五郡塞外的乌桓部落,成为汉朝在东北边疆建构朝贡制度初期的首批成员。西汉末以来的二百年间,大批乌桓人不断迁入北方缘边诸郡,汉朝仍以朝贡制度统辖边郡内聚族而居的乌桓人。曹魏前期频繁的战争促使统治者对东部郡县内鸟桓人的统辖方式发生变化,随着世兵制确立和推行,乌桓人渐由朝贡部落向编户齐民转变,到南北朝时期东部乌桓完成了与北方各族的融合。

The Wuhuan 乌桓 tribes,which moved to the northeast areas during the West Han Emperor Wudi,had become the first batch of members in the tributary system that the Han dynasty constructed in the northeast borders.In the two hundred years since the end of West Han,most people of Wuhuan tribes had been moving in the north edge districts,which were still governed by the tributary system of the Han.In the early stage of the Cao Wei period,frequent wars urged the governors to change the way of government of Wuhuan living in the east districts.With the establishment and implementation of Shibingzhi世兵制(hereditary service system),Wuhuan people had gradually become the Bianhu 编户(household registration) members.Until to the South and North Dynasties period,eastern Wuhuan people had completed the integration with the other people in the North.