宋代公主权力旁落原因探析——以宋仁宗长女兖国公主为例

An Analysis on Power Decline of Princesses in Song Dynasty——Taking Princess Yanguo as an Example

与唐代相比,宋代公主在家族地位及政治影响力方面均有下降,直接与公主相关的重大历史事件很少。这一方面受唐宋妇女社会地位不同的大环境影响,另一方面在于宋朝王室在家族管理、公主享有的权利、对皇族的监督制约方面都有自己的措施与机制,并形成了较为规范的体系,所以公主们没有因为身份特殊而成为左右朝政的一种势力。在宋代诸公主中,宋仁宗长女兖国公主是具有代表性的权势较大的公主,以她为例可以较为清晰地看出宋代公主势力收缩、权力弱化的情况。

The family status and political influence of Princesses in Song Dynasty has a significant decline compared to Princesses in Tang Dynasty, and there are few major historical events associated with princesses in Song Dynasty. On the one hand, this is due to the different social status of women in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty;on the other hand, Song Dynasty has its own measures and mechanism about the management of imperial clans, the princess rights, restrictions to the royal kinsfolk, and formed a relatively completed system, so the princesses never became a kind of unruly forces in the imperial court politics. Princess Yanguo, who is the eldest daughter of Song Ren Emperor, is a representative of the powerful princesses in Song Dynasty. It can be seen that power decline of princesses in Song Dynasty with Princess Yanguo as an example.