汉语存在句在韵律结构中的渐进性研究

Gradience of Existential Clauses Based on Prosodic Structure

存在句(即广义存在句)包括(狭义)存在句和隐现句,其句式结构都体现为"表处所的名词短语+动词+名词短语",这种特定句式结构的概念义表达存在的含义。在不同类型的存在句中,存在义体现一个渐变的过程。运用韵律结构分析方式在Halliday功能语法框架下阐释存在句的渐进现象可以发现,"有"字句是存在句的原型表达形式,其存在义的典型性最强,而名词谓语存在句中的动词空位现象导致句子的存在义完全由句式结构的概念义来体现,其存在义的典型性最弱,其间"是"字句、动词类存在句和隐现句形成了一个渐进体。

Existential clauses, including existential construction and the construction of appearance and disappearance, consist of the locative element, the process and the existent, which embodies the existential sense. The existential sense presents the hierarchical relationship in different types of existential clauses. By the prosodic structure in Hallidayian Functional Grammar, the research indicates that the existential clauses with the verb ＂YOU＂ is the prototype, but as to the existential clauses without verb, the existential sense is embodied by the conceptual sense in the clause structure, which is the least prototype of existential clauses. Between them, there are existential clauses with the verb＂SHI＂, the existential clauses with the actional verbs and the construction of appearance and disappearance, which form the hierarchical relationship.