基于DEA的企业技术创新成本效率行业比较研究

Comparative Study of Enterprise Technological Innovation Cost Efficiency Based on DEA

技术创新对于提高企业核心竞争力的重要作用目前已形成共识。然而,在创新投入不断加大的情况下,我国企业核心竞争力不强的现状并未得到根本改善,其重要原因之一是技术创新成本效率不高。以五个工业行业为研究对象,运用数据包络分析方法评价了企业的技术创新成本效率,分析了效率差异产生的原因。结果表明,在五个行业综合效率排名中,家具制造业效率值最高且保持稳定,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业与医药制造业效率值分别位列第二和第三,交通运输设备制造业和食品制造业技术创新成本效率相对较低。而且,五个行业均不同程度地存在创新人员和资金利用率不足问题。

Technological innovation plays an important role to improve core competitiveness of enterprises. However, though more funds have been invested in innovation, there is still no substantial improvement in the poor core competence of some Chinese enterprises. One major reason lies in the low cost efficiency of technological innovation. Taking five industries as examples, using data envelopment analysis, this paper evaluates the cost-effective of technology innovation of enterprises and analyzes the reasons for the efficiency differences. The results show that in overall efficiency ranking of the five industries, furniture manufacturing efficiency is the highest value and remain stable; computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing is ranked second; pharmaceutical manufacturing efficiency values is listed third; transportation equipment manufacturing industry and the food industry are relatively low cost of technological innovation efficiency. The common problems of the five industries lie in a lack of innovation personnel and low fund utilization rate.