城市人行过街天桥局部通行能力分析研究

Analysis of Local Capacity for Urban Pedestrian Overcrossing

基于人行天桥桥面、梯道和坡道上的行人交通流特性存在较大差异,但是在我国现有的通行规范中并未予以体现,很难指导人行天桥的建设.文中通过视频采集并处理武汉市8座人行天桥的行人过街数据,分别分析人行天桥桥面、梯道和坡道上的行人流特性,得到了基本通行能力对应的单位宽度最大流量值分别为1.43,0.98和1.11人/(s·m),表明桥面的通行能力水平最大,而相对于桥面和坡道,梯道的通行能力水平最小、最容易成为天桥通行的瓶颈,因此在满足天桥每端梯道或坡道通行能力之和与桥面通行能力匹配的同时,应适当提高梯道的宽度比例.在分析通行能力影响因素的基础上,确定了可能通行能力和设计通行能力折减系数,最后建立了人行天桥局部和整体通行能力计算模型.通过实例验证结果表明,计算模型得到的整体通行能力与《城市人行天桥与人行地道技术规范》规定的通行能力比较,误差为4.3%.

There are large differences between pedestrian overcrossing deck , stairway and ramp in terms of the characteristics of pedestrian traffic ,and they are not reflected in the existing traffic speci‐fication in our country .So it’s difficult to guide the construction of the pedestrian overcrossing .This paper analysis respectively the pedestrian flow characteristics of pedestrian overcrossing deck ,stair‐way and ramp through processing the video of 8 pedestrian overcrossings in Wuhan to obtain the maxi‐mum of basic traffic capacity unit width value .There are 1 .43 p/（s ＆#183; m）、0 .98 p/（s ＆#183; m） and 1 .11 p/（s ＆#183; m） ,which indicate that the level of deck capacity is largest ,and the level of stairway is the smal‐lest that it＆#39;s most likely to become a bottleneck than the deck and ramp .Therefore ,it is necessary to improve the ratio of the stairway width on the condition that the sum capacity of stairway and ramp each end of pedestrian overcrossing can meet the capacity of deck .Finally ,the calculation model of the local and global capacity of pedestrian overcrossing was established though determining the possi‐ble traffic capacity and design traffic capacity reduction based on the analysis of factors w hich affect traffic capacity .Test study shows that there are 4 .3% of the gap in between the results of global ca‐pacity calculation model and the provisions of Technical Specifications of Urban Pedestrian Overcross‐ing and U nderpass .