近30年城市化建设对济宁区域气候的影响

Effects of Urbanization on Local Climate in Jining City in Recent 30 Years

本文利用1981-2010年济宁及周边3县（兖州、汶上、嘉祥）台站的气候观测资料,研究分析了济宁城区、郊区的气温、降水量、相对湿度、风速的变化趋势和特点。在此基础上,探讨了城市化建设对济宁区域气候变化产生的影响。研究发现：1）近30年来,济宁平均气温、平均最高气温,平均最低气温和降水量均呈上升趋势,且四季变化与年际变化基本一致,同时,济宁郊区的上升幅度均大于城区的上升幅度。2）济宁年相对湿度、平均风速整体均呈下降趋势,郊区下降的幅度大于城区下降的幅度,济宁城郊相对湿度差异逐渐缩小,暖干效应日益显著。济宁城市化发展对区域局地气候产生了重要影响,尤其是近年来对郊区气温影响显著。另外,城市化进程对平均气温、风速的影响比其对相对湿度、降水量的影响更为显著、直接。

The thesis analyzed the variation trend and characteristics of the temperature, precipitation, relative humidity,wind speed in urban and rural areas of Jining based on the meteorological data during 1981-2010 from four weather stations of Jining. And the effect of urbanization on local climate is also discussed. The results are that： 1） Nearly 30 years, the average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and precipitation in Jining had upward trend. The seasonal variations were roughly the same with the annual variations. The rising range was greater in the urban than in the rural area; 2） Both the relative humidity and the average wind speed had downward trend, and the descent range in the rural was greater than in the urban. The relative humidity differences gradually reduced between the urban and the rural areas, and the tendency of warm-dry increased obviously. The analysis indicates that the development of urbanization in Jining has a serious effect on local climate, especially on the climate of rural areas. In addition, the urbanization has more obvious and direct effect on temperature and wind speed than on relative humidity and precipitation.