“义利之辩”对后世作家价值观及人格塑造的影响

The influences of “The debate of Yi and li” on the Values and Personality to Later Writers

"义利之辩"是中国传统文化的一大辩题,从先秦诸子到现当代的文化价值取向,都关涉到这一命题。先秦诸子对于义利之辩,各家虽表述不同,但实际上从不同的方面和角度阐释了义利关系,也不同程度地对后世文人产生影响,尤其是儒家的"舍利取义"的思想对于后世文人的人格树造和道德挺立有极大的影响,极大地提升了中国古代文学的精神境界,成为中国文化的基本民族精神,是中华优秀传统文化的核心价值。中国古代的散文、诗歌、戏剧和小说,以文学的形式表述了丰富的义利取舍的观念和思想。义利之辩不仅影响中国文学作品的价值取向,也深深地影响着中国古代文论的思想观念和价值取向,中国古代文论认为,文学是超功利的,只有去除名利之念,才能写出好诗文。

In traditional Chinese euhure, the debate of Yi （righteousness） and Li （benefit） is a main topie. The cultural value orientation is always related to this topic from the scholars in Pre-Qin period to the contemporary scholars. Although the arguments about the topic among the scholars in Pre-Qin period are different, they actually explained the relationship between righteousness and benefit from different perspectives, which influenced the later writers in different degrees. Particularly, the thought that Confueians fa- vor righteousness over benefit has dramatically affected the value and personality of later writers. This view has dramatically enhanced the spiritual realm of Chinese ancient literature, and become the basic national spirit of Chinese euhure, also the core value of tradi- tional Chinese euhure. Chinese ancient literary works, such as prose, poetry, drama and fiction, had expressed much about Yi and Li in the form of literature. The debate about Yi and Li not only affects the value orientation of Chinese literary works, but also has a deep impact on the ancient Chinese literary theory. Because from the perspective of ancient Chinese literary theory, literature is beyond utilitarian. And you can＇t have good works unless you look down upon the fames and fortunes.