体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的心理机制

Psychological Mechanism of Physical Exercises Improving Physical Self-concept

为了探讨体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的内在机制,采用体育活动等级量表、身体自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会体格焦虑问卷和自编的理想-现实身体自我差异问卷,对752名天津市在读大学生进行调查。结果发现,锻炼量与身体自尊之间呈显著正相关,表明经常参加体育锻炼确实可以提高身体自我概念。中介效应检验结果表明,自我效能感、社会体格焦虑和理想-现实身体自我差异3个变量分别在锻炼量与身体自尊关系之间起部分中介作用。研究还将自我效能感、社会体格焦虑、理想-现实身体自我差异3个中介变量整合在一起,构建体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的中介效应整合模型。结构方程模型分析结果表明,身体锻炼提高身体自我概念的中介效应整合模型整体拟合较好,总的中介效应占39.32%,即体育锻炼影响身体自我概念的总方差中有近40%可以由自我效能感、社会体格焦虑、理想-现实身体自我差异解释。上述结果提示,身体锻炼可以通过提高自我效能感,降低社会体格焦虑,缩小理想-现实身体自我差异,进而促进身体自我概念的提高,这在一定程度上揭示了身体锻炼提高身体自我概念的心理机制所在。

To explore the internal mechanism of physical exercises improving physical self- concept, Physical Activity Rating Scale, Physical Self-Per ception Profile, General Self- efficacy Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Questionnaires and Discrepancy between Ideal and Actual Physical Self Ques tionnaire were used to test 752 University students from Tianjin. The results showed a significant correlation between the physical exercise volume and physical self-esteem, which indicated that regular exercise can actually improve physical self-concept. Mediating effect analysis found that self-effi cacy, social physique anxiety and discrepancy between ideal and actual physical self, each variable partially mediated the relationship between physi-cal self-esteem and physical exercise volume. Self-efficacy, social physique anxiety and discrepancy between ideal and actual physical self were integrated in the mediating integration model of physical exercise improving physical self-esteem. SEM results showed that the mediating integration model of physical exercise improving physical self-esteem fit well, nearly 40% of the variance can be interpreted by the self-efficacy, social physique anxiety and discrepancy between ideal and actual physical self. It reminds us that, the reason physical exercise improving physical self-concept is that physical exercise can im prove the self-efficacy, lower social physique anxiety and narrow the discrepancy between ideal and actual physical self, and then promote physical self-concept.