不同干燥方法对人参花和西洋参花皂苷类成分的影响

Effect of different drying methods on ginsenosides in flower of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius

目的筛选适合人参Panax ginseng花和西洋参Panax quinquefolius花采收后的加工方法,以14种人参皂苷的质量分数为考察指标,评价不同干燥方法对人参花和西洋参花药材质量的影响。方法采用HPLC法测定人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd及其相对应的丙二酰基人参皂苷(m-Rg1、m-Re、m-Rb1、m-Rc、m-Rb2、m-Rb3和m-Rd)的量。结果西洋参花中人参皂苷在40℃烘干的条件下质量分数要比红外干燥、微波干燥和冷冻干燥的高,人参花中人参皂苷在40℃烘干的条件下质量分数要比冷冻干燥的高,并且随着烘干温度的升高质量分数都有不同程度降低,丙二酰基人参皂苷m-Re、m-Rg1、m-Rb1、m-Rc、m-Rb2、m-Rb3、m-Rd的质量分数在高温(>100℃)时明显下降,且丙二酰基人参皂苷的减少量与相应的人参皂苷的变化量并没有明显的对等关系,这14种皂苷的总量也都有下降的趋势。结论 40℃烘干可使人参花和西洋参花中原有人参皂苷量保持在最高水平,而高温处理则可使其转化为其他稀有皂苷。

Objective To select the reasonable post-processing methods after harvest of the flower of Panax ginseng（FPG） and Panax quinquefolius（FPQ）. The present study evaluated the effect of different drying methods on the quality of FPG and FPQ based on the contents of 14 ginsenosides. Methods The contents of 14 ginsenosides were quantified by HPLC including ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd and their corresponding malonyl-ginsenosides（m-Rg1, m-Re, m-Rb1, m-Rc, m-Rb2, m-Rb3, and m-Rd）. Results The contents of 14 ginsenosides were highest by oven drying at 40 ℃, followed by freeze drying, microwave drying, and infrared drying, and decreased with the increased temperature. The contents of malonyl-ginsenosides obviously decreased with reaching a high temperature（ 〉100 ℃）. The decrement of malonyl-ginsenosides and the variation of corresponding ginsenosides was not equivalent, and the total content of 14 ginsenosides was also reduced. Conclusion Oven drying at 40 ℃ is a suitable drying method for keeping the content of original ginsenosides, and oven drying at high temperature（ 〉100 ℃） can prompt the transformation into rare ginsenosides. Different drying methods can be selected according to different purposes in clinical application.