水电站建设中新增水土流失预测及防治措施研究

Forecast of newly increased soil and water loss during construction of hydropower station and study on its prevention measures

为准确预测因水库水电站工程建设而导致的新增水土流失,本文以小河水电建设工程为例,在详细调查统计项目区扰动面积、弃方量、水土保持设施破坏情况基础上,对项目区新增水土流失预测方法进行了研究,预测出该工程建设产生新增水土流失1.459万t。经综合分析提出水土流失防治重点区域为主体工程施工场地、渣场转运点和渣场区,并根据预测的水土流失量和项目区的特点,分析制定项目区水土流失防治措施,在弃渣场修建130 m挡渣墙,在项目其他区域有针对性地种植苜蓿及植物谷坊等适应性强的植物。结合工程实施经验,提出了工程水土保持方案实施的合理化建议。

For accurately forecasting the newly increased soil and water loss caused by the construction of reservoir and hydropower station,Xiaohe Hydropower Station Construction Project is taken as the study case for study the method of forecasting the newly increased soil and water loss within the project area on the basis of the detailed investigation and statistic of the disturbed area,amount of disused soil and the damage of soil and water conservation facilities. It is forecasted that the newly increased soil and water loss is to be 14 590. 00 t from the construction of this project. Through a comprehensive analysis,it is proposed that the key regions for preventing the soil and water loss are to be the construction site of the main structure,spoil disposal transfer area and the spoil disposal yard,and then the measures for preventing the soil and water loss within the project area are analyzed and made,i. e. constructing the spoil retaining wall with the length of 130 m for the spoil disposal yard and planting those plants with strong adaptability to the local condition,such as medicago and plant check dams within the other regions of the project in accordance with the forecasted soil and water loss and the characteristics of the project area. Furthermore,several reasonable suggestions are put forward herein for implementing the soil and water conservation of the project as well.