摘要
目的加强对儿童流行性感冒(流感)的流行病学特征的认识,为儿童流感的防控提供参考。方法对上海市儿童医院2011—2013年监测的类流感(ILI)病例数据进行统计分析。结果3年内共上报ILI病例29524例,年龄构成以小于5岁组为主(74.40%)。采集咽拭子标本3168份,检出流感病毒559例,检出率17.65%。其中H3N2型232例(41.50%),乙型229例(40.97%),新甲型H1N1型98例(17.53%)。各年检出病毒型别的构成比差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),阳性检出率高峰在2011年1~4月(20.51%~45.89%),2011年12月至2012年4月(28.77%~57.65%),2012年7、8月(44.74%、35.14%)及2013年12月(52.29%)。结论2011—2013年监测的流感患儿由H3N2型、新甲型H1N1型、乙型流感病毒所致,不同年份有不同流行株,各型病毒呈交替流行。一般冬春季节流感高发,但夏季亦可流行。小于5岁儿童是主要易感人群。
Objective To strengthen the cognition about the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in children and to provide reference for its prevention and control. Methods Analyze the data of influenza-like cases in Shanghai Children' s Hospital from 2011 to 2013. Results A total of 29 524 influenza-like cases were surveyed. The patients who were less than 5 years old occupied the largest proportion (74.40%). A total of 3168 pharyngeal swabs were collect- ed and 559 influenza viruses were checked out (17.65%). Totally 232 (41.5%) of these influenza viruses were identi- fied as influenza A (H3N2) virus, 229 (40.97%) as influenza B virus and 98 (17.53%) as novel influenza A (H1N1) vi- res. The differences of the virus types were statistically significant each year (P 〈 0.01). The higher positive detection rates occurred from January to April in 2011 (20.51%-45.89%) , from December 2011 to April 2012 (28.77%- 57.65% ), from July to August in 2012 (44.74% ~ 35.14% ) and in December 2013 (52.29%). Conclusion The chil- dren with influenza surveyed in 2011--2013 are infected by influenza A (H3N2) virus, influenza B virus and novel influ- enza A (H1N1) virus. The epidemic strains change every year. The types of influenza viruses are popular alternatively. The influenza is with high incidence in winter-spring commonly, but can also be popular in summer. Children less than 5 years old are more susceptible to influenza.
出处
《中国实用儿科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期852-854,共3页
Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics