上海市儿童医院2011-2013年流感监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of influenza in Shanghai Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2013

目的加强对儿童流行性感冒（流感）的流行病学特征的认识，为儿童流感的防控提供参考。方法对上海市儿童医院2011—2013年监测的类流感（ILI）病例数据进行统计分析。结果3年内共上报ILI病例29524例，年龄构成以小于5岁组为主（74．40％）。采集咽拭子标本3168份，检出流感病毒559例，检出率17．65％。其中H3N2型232例（41．50％），乙型229例（40．97％），新甲型H1N1型98例（17．53％）。各年检出病毒型别的构成比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），阳性检出率高峰在2011年1～4月（20．51％～45．89％），2011年12月至2012年4月（28．77％～57．65％），2012年7、8月（44．74％、35．14％）及2013年12月（52．29％）。结论2011—2013年监测的流感患儿由H3N2型、新甲型H1N1型、乙型流感病毒所致，不同年份有不同流行株，各型病毒呈交替流行。一般冬春季节流感高发，但夏季亦可流行。小于5岁儿童是主要易感人群。

Objective To strengthen the cognition about the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in children and to provide reference for its prevention and control. Methods Analyze the data of influenza-like cases in Shanghai Children＇ s Hospital from 2011 to 2013. Results A total of 29 524 influenza-like cases were surveyed. The patients who were less than 5 years old occupied the largest proportion （74.40%）. A total of 3168 pharyngeal swabs were collect- ed and 559 influenza viruses were checked out （17.65%）. Totally 232 （41.5%） of these influenza viruses were identi- fied as influenza A （H3N2） virus, 229 （40.97%） as influenza B virus and 98 （17.53%） as novel influenza A （H1N1） vi- res. The differences of the virus types were statistically significant each year （P 〈 0.01）. The higher positive detection rates occurred from January to April in 2011 （20.51%-45.89%） , from December 2011 to April 2012 （28.77%- 57.65% ）, from July to August in 2012 （44.74% ～ 35.14% ） and in December 2013 （52.29%）. Conclusion The chil- dren with influenza surveyed in 2011--2013 are infected by influenza A （H3N2） virus, influenza B virus and novel influ- enza A （H1N1） virus. The epidemic strains change every year. The types of influenza viruses are popular alternatively. The influenza is with high incidence in winter-spring commonly, but can also be popular in summer. Children less than 5 years old are more susceptible to influenza.