超越工具性交换:中国企业员工—组织类亲情交换关系的理论建构与实证研究

Beyond the Instrumental Exchange, the Family-Like Employee-Organization Relationship in Chinese Firms: Theory Building and Empirical Investigation

本研究基于中国文化特色,提出并验证了在中国企业的员工—组织关系中不仅存在契约式、工具性的经济交换与社会交换,而且还存在能够体现员工—组织高度融合的类亲情交换关系。通过3个独立的实证研究,累计调查了100多家企业的1268名员工,证实了类亲情交换关系维度在中国企业的存在性;假设检验的结果显示集体主义与工作环境的不确定性是类亲情交换的重要前因;类亲情交换对员工情感承诺、组织忠诚、总体工作绩效、角色内行为、组织公民行为上的解释力均高于社会交换关系;企业绩效负向调节类亲情交换对自我牺牲与建言行为的影响;最后讨论了本研究结果在理论与实践中的价值,指出了未来的研究方向。

Based on the feature of Chinese culture, we theorize and verify that, in addition to the contractual and instrumental employee-organization relationships(EOR) of economic exchange and social exchange, there exists a family-like exchange relationship between Chinese employees and their organizations, which is characterized as high affective attachment and harmony-oriented. Through three independent field studies, we surveyed a total of 1268 full-time employees from more than 100 firms to demonstrate the theory of family-like EOR in Chinese firms. Empirical findings suggested that collectivism and environmental uncertainty were critical antecedent causes of the emergence of family-like EOR.In addition, family-like EOR was found to have stronger positive effects on employees 'affective organizational commitment, organizational loyalty, overall performance, in-role behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior than social exchange EOR. Meanwhile, firm performance moderated the effects of family-like EOR on employees challenging con-structive behaviors of self-sacrifice and providing suggestions. Finally, theoretical contributions, practical implications and future research directions were discussed based on the above findings.