基于 RS与 RUSLE的新疆铁米尔苏河梯级水电站水土流失预测研究

Soil Erosion Estimation within Tiemiersu River Cascade Hydropower Stations in Xinjiang Using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Remote Sensing Technology

新疆铁米尔苏河具有典型的温带大陆性半干旱气候特征，拟建的铁米尔苏河梯级水电站是阿克苏地区最大的水电站，其水土保持对地区生态环境有重要的影响。基于多源遥感数据，获取植被和土地利用信息，并收集降雨资料与土壤数据，再利用修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE），对拟建铁米尔苏河梯级水电站土壤流失进行了定量估算，结果表明：一级水电站土壤侵蚀模数为1769．1059～1776．3971 t／（km2· a ），属于轻度侵蚀区；二级水电站土壤侵蚀模数为2469．181～2479．535 t／（km2· a），属于轻度侵蚀区；三级水电站土壤侵蚀模数为4360．1327～4378．5357 t／（km2· a），属于中度侵蚀区。研究结果具有一定的可靠性，可为拟建的铁米尔苏河梯级水电站工程区水土流失治理提供科学依据。

Tiemiersu River has typical temperate continental semi‐arid climate ,and the proposed Tiemiersu River cascade hydropower stations are the largest ones in Aksu .Therefore ,the soil and water conservation in Tiemiersu River has an important impact on its ecological environment .In this study ,the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation is used to estimate the soil loss of Tiemiersu River cascade hydropower stations ,the basic data includes vegetation and land use information extracted from multi‐source remote sensing , rainfall data from weather station and soil data from soil database .The results indicate that soil erosion modulus of the 1st hydro‐power station varied from 1 769 .105 9 t/（km2 · a） to 1 776 .397 1 t/（km2 · a） ,which belongs to mild erosion area .Soil erosion mod‐ulus of the 2nd hydro‐power station varied from 2 469 .181 t/（km2 · a） to 2 479 .535 t/（km2 · a） ,which belongs to the mild erosion area .Soil erosion modulus of the 3rd Hydropower Station varied from 4 360 .132 7 t/（km2 · a） to 4 378 .535 7 t/（km2 · a） ,which belongs to the moderate erosion area .The result has a certain reliability ,which can provide a scientific basis for the soil erosion con‐trol in Tiemiersu River cascade hydro‐power stations .