佛教流行与汉魏两晋正史对佛教的记载

Prevalence of Buddhism and Its Recordation in the Official History of the Han,Wei,Jin Dynasties

在汇集文献史料的基础上,分析了佛教流行对汉魏两晋正史佛教记载的影响。研究表明,东汉时期,佛教初传,影响很小且依附于中国传统的神仙方术,因此为官修纪传体正史《东观汉记》所忽略。三国时期,佛教渐趋流行,谢承《后汉书》和鱼豢《魏略》对佛教有了适当介绍,以助人们尤其是统治者对佛教的了解。由于当时人们只是将佛教理解为斋戒祭祀的一种,因此两部正史所介绍的主要是被视为"神"的佛陀的情况。此外,这一时期,佛教因势力有所增长而试图摆脱对道教的依附,从而引发了佛教与道教的斗争,这种情况在两书中也有反映。到了两晋,佛教迅速发展,最终引起了袁宏《后汉纪》的重视。但其对佛教的介绍和称颂有着浓郁的玄学色彩,这是两晋佛教玄学化和当时名士对佛教的理解的真实反映。

On the basis of documents, this paper analyzes the influence of Buddism prevalence on Bud- dism recordation in the official history of Han,Wei,Jin Dynasties. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Bud- dhism was ignored in Dong Guang Han Ji because of its minute influence and attachment to the traditional immortal fairy arts at the beginning of its transmission. In Three Kingdoms Period, The History of Later Han by Xie Cheng and Brief History of Wei by Yu Huan made some introductions of Buddism to help peo- ple, rulers in particular, to understand Buddism. Because Buddhism was only regarded as one of the fasting and ritual activities at that time, the introductions of Buddhism in the above two books are mainly about the Buddha. Furthermore, the conflicts between Buddhism and Taoism at that period, which were triggered by Buddhism＇ s attempting to get rid of its attachment to Taoism, were also reflected in the two books. In the Jin Dynasty, due to its rapid development, Epoch of Eastern Han by Yuan Hong introduced Buddism with a favor of metaphysics, which is the real reflection of metaphysicization of Buddism and ce- lebrities＇ understanding of Buddism during the Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties.