民国初年的矿务监督署

Mining Supervision Departments in the Early Republic of China

民国初年设立的矿务监督署是晚清成立的铁路矿务总局的延续,时任农商总长的张謇希望设立矿务监督署来规范矿业生产。矿务监督署是中央派遣到地方管理地方矿务的机构,全国分设八个矿务监督署,并归农商部领导,每个矿务监督署一般分管二到三个省的矿务。《中华民国矿业条例》颁布后,矿务监督署在处理矿务时就有了法律保障,矿务监督署依照法律管理矿业生产和处理矿业纠纷,积极推行中央的矿业政策,推动民国初年的矿业发展。但由于地方势力的反对和中央财政的不足,矿务监督署无法维持,只在民国初年存在一年多的时间就难逃被裁撤的命运。

The Mining Supervision Department, successor of Railway and Mining Bureau in late Qing dy- nasty, was founded in the Early Republic of China, with which Zhang Jian （minister of Agriculture and Commerce Department） hoped to supervise the Mining industry. It is an organization that the central au- thority dispatched to local areas to administer regional mining. There were eight Mining Supervision De- partments, and each one supervised two or three provinces under the lead of Agriculture and Commerce Department. Guaranteed by Mining Regulations of the Republic of China, Mining Supervision Depart- ments administered mining industry, dealt with mining disputes, carried out policies of the central gov- ernment and promoted mining industry in the early Republic of China. However, Mining Supervision De- partments were dissolved one year later, due to the opposition from local power and deficiency of central financial support.