犬穿通性颅脑火器伤模型的建立

Model Establishment of Penetrating Craniocerebral Gunshot Wounds in Dogs

目的对现有犬穿通性颅脑火器伤模型进行改进,延长犬模型的存活时间,为颅脑火器伤的病理、生理和分子生物学研究提供更加完善的平台。方法雄性杂种犬19只,分为3组:A组为传统模型,直接致伤(n=5);B组为改进的模型,显露脑组织后致伤(n=9);C组为空白对照,仅予开颅显露脑组织(n=5)。连续记录3组犬模型的心率、血压、呼吸;伤后30 min记录血气分析、血糖及肝肾功能;伤后6 h取皮质层脑组织,醋酸铀及柠檬酸铅染色,于透射电镜(×8 000、×12 000)下行组织学观察。结果 B组伤后呼吸暂停时间和存活时间与A组相比均延长(P<0.05);平均动脉压在伤后出现快速而短暂的升高,于伤后10 min大幅度降低至波谷,后期逐渐回升至接近正常值水平;心率在伤后立即下降,伤后10 min回升达峰值,之后再次缓慢下降。B组伤后30 min,除血糖增高(P<0.05)外,其他生化指标与A组比较,差异均无统计学意义。透射电镜下,B组神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞及血脑屏障的超微结构与C组比较,均有不同程度的改变。结论 B组犬模型存活时间明显延长,其伤情具有明确的脑火器伤特征,有利于进行更为深入的病理、生理和分子生物学研究。

Objective To establish a new model of penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wounds in dogs and increase the survival time for dogs in further research. Methods Nineteen local male adult dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group A was for classic model（ n = 5）,shot directly without operation,group B for new model（ n = 9）,which were operated by removing local skull before shot at the frontal lobe directly,and group C for control group（ n = 5）,were operated only.Heart rate,blood pressure and breath status were recorded. Blood gas analysis,glucose content,liver and renal function were investigated 30 minute after shot. Brain tissues were saved six hours later,stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for pathological and transmission electronic microscope（ TEM） study（ × 8 000,× 12 000）. Results Apnea time and survival time in group B were longer than group A（ P〈0. 05）. Fluctuating extent of MAP and HR were also enhanced. Neuron,astrocyte and blood brain barrier（ BBB） showed various transformation by microscope and TEM detection. Conclusion Dogs in group B have longer survival time,obvious pathological,physiological and ultramicrostructure change,and better concordance of wound.