内源脱落酸生理作用机制及其与苜蓿耐旱性关系研究进展

Progress in understanding relationships between the physiological mechanisms of endogenous abscisic acid and drought resistance of alfalfa

随着全球气候的恶化,水资源短缺等生态问题日益严重。在这样的背景下,作物的耐旱性研究成为人们研究的热点之一。脱落酸(ABA)作为胁迫激素,在植物干旱胁迫响应中发挥着重要而广泛的作用。植物细胞中,ABA通过2-甲基-D-赤藓糖-4-磷酸(2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate,MEP)途径合成,并最终与相应的受体结合并通过一系列的信号转导控制气孔关闭,或者通过其他通路调节胁迫相关的基因表达。紫花苜蓿是栽培广泛且品质优良的豆科牧草,干旱胁迫下苜蓿中脱落酸(ABA)会发生积累;同时,ABA水平的升高与苜蓿主根贮藏蛋白动态、基因表达以及一些渗透调节物质的积累密切相关。ABA与苜蓿耐旱性关系的研究正在逐渐深入,这些研究将深化人们对苜蓿耐旱机理的认识,并对苜蓿的育种具有深远影响。

The shortage of water resources and related ecological crises due to climate change make the drought resistance of crops an important research topic.As a plant stress hormone,abscisic acid (ABA)plays an im-portant role in drought stress response.Abscisic acid is synthesized from the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phos-phate (MEP)pathway.Through binding with its receptor,ABA controls stomatal closure by a series of signal transductions and/or regulates stress-related gene expression through other pathways.Alfalfa (Medicago sati-va )is a high-performing legume that is widely cultivated for forage.Under conditions of drought stress,ABA accumulates in alfalfa and is closely related to vegetative protein storage in the tap root,gene expression and a range of osmolyte responses.Research on the relationship between ABA and drought resistance in alfalfa is un-der development.This research will assist understanding drought resistance mechanisms in alfalfa and will have profound influences on the breeding of alfalfa cultivars.