强政府场域下公益组织的行动自主性与实效性研究——以天津市T社区为例

Research on the autonomy and effectiveness of non-profit organizations in the field of the strong government: A case study of T Community in Tianjin

自主性与实效性之间的契合程度是决定公益组织与政府部门互动形式的关键,以自主性为核心的传统分析范式容易忽视组织行动的实效性。通过对公益组织运作形式由民办到官办的个案研究发现:实践层面的"国家—社会"关系是在政府与公益组织的互动与冲突中演化发展的,政府信任是影响公益组织行动自主性与实效性的重要因素,由此勾勒出官办公益模式,即由地方政府设立并提供主要运作资金,在不干预组织具体实践的情况下对其进行监督与评估。在总体性结构特征明显的强政府场域,官办公益能有效协调政府与公益组织间的信任关系,平衡自主性与实效性的冲突,是社区公益发展初期的一种理性选择。公益组织参与社区治理不可能一步跨入民办公益类型,官办公益或许是复杂转变过程中的第一步。

The alignment degree between autonomy and effectiveness is the key influencing factor in the relationship between non-profit organizations and government departments. Through a case study on the running of non-profit organizations ranging from the civilian-run to the government-run, the present essay shows that the relation between the state and the society synchronizes with the interaction and conflicts between the government and social organizations in practice, that government trust is an important factor in influencing the autonomy and effectiveness of non-profit activities. Hence, the mode of government-run public welfare is sketched, which means that the local government establishes the organization, sponsors major portion of the capital for its business, and supervises and evaluates it without interfering in its practice. In the field of strong administration, government-run non-profit activities can coordinate effectively the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization, balance the conflicts between autonomy and effectiveness, and serves as a rational choice of preliminary development of non-profit organization in the community. Non-profit organizations cannot step into the civilian-run non-profit type in participating in community governance, and government-run profit may be the first step in this complicated transformation process.