苏轼的流寓生涯与文化自觉

The Banishment Life and Culture Consciousness of Su Shi

在苏轼人生的后二十年,贬谪流寓成为其主要的生存状态和特殊境遇。在此过程中,苏轼既有与自古贬谪流寓士人或被动或主动地改变生活方式的一致之处,又有比很多失意文人更加清醒和彻底的人生观、世界观、价值观转变,这最突出且最集中地体现在苏轼对文化的高度自觉和积极作为上,堪称最高典范。他所自言"平生功业"在黄州、惠州、儋州,不只是一般研究者认为系其自嘲自慰的牢骚之语或故作旷达的自我标榜,而是在几个贬谪时期,实实在在取得了文化建设事业的辉煌成就,并因此成为了历史上不可多得的文化巨人。

In his last twenty years,banishment had been the keynote and unique circumstance of Su Shi's life. He,in this course,followed the common leeway all banished officials in Chinese history,who either willfully or passively,had changed their way of living. Unlike other frustrated scholars,he had more dramatic and rational change in outlook of life,view of world,as well as values. All these changes were demonstrated by his highly cultural consciousness and active participation. His comments that'the best performance in life'had been achieved in Huangzhou,Huizhou and Zhanzhou,which were regarded as self-mockery complaints and self-glorification songs by other researchers,were,in fact,verified by his actual brilliant contribution in cultural construction,hence the great literary master in history.