蒯因的“初始翻译”及其“意义倾向”论

Quine's “Radical Translation”and “Meaning Inclination”

蒯因的"初始翻译"为我们展示了翻译的相对性特征,这样的相对性特征既涉及译者自身的观察与理解,又涉及目标语言使用中的意义表现"倾向"。在蒯因那里,"初始翻译"并非完全意义上的翻译,译者总会在现实的和可能的语义世界中追求与言者之语义的同一,当然,这样的"同一"追求在外延主义的要求下又总是难以实现的,除非我们回到译者与言者所处的主体性地位的认识上来。不论"初始翻译"如何体现意义确立的"倾向"决定,译者与言者的主体性地位总是为我们提供语言行为发生的普遍性基础,即作为理性存在的纯粹语义基础,翻译的"不确定"只是我们走向"确定"的过程与环节,人类社会语言行为的发生及表现形式遵循着共同性的理性规定与认知模式。

The problem of Quine's radical translation and its uncertainty represents the relative characteristics in achieving ideal translation,and the forming of this relative characteristics involves functioning of the translator and translator's own language,it also involves observing and understanding the object language. In the case of the radical translation,the understanding and translation of object language of a translator must be based on the stimulus response pattern in language behavior process,and only relying on the repeated examination of the relation between words and the specific context,can the translator enter the meaning world of language. In Quine's view,the radical translation is not the full sense of the translation,the translator is always in reality and the possible world pursuing 'the sameness'between the translator and the speaker,it is always difficult to pursue'the sameness'in the requirement of extensionalism,unless we go back to the analysis of subjectivity of translator and the speaker. No matter how to embody the'uncertainty'of radical translation,the translator and the speaker may always provide universal basic for language behavior from their subjective position,as the pure language basis of rational existence,the translation's 'uncertainty'is the process and procedure to'certainty',and the language behavior of human society manifestation observes the common transcendental regulation and cognitive model.