煤矿复合抑尘剂的筛选及性能研究

Screening and Property of Composite Dust Suppressant in Coal Mine

选取三种表面活性剂,通过单一添加和两两复配模式制备了六种煤尘湿润剂,研究了不同表面活性剂的表面张力和对煤尘沉降时间的影响,并通过模拟实验,分析了不同表面活性剂对降尘效果的影响。实验表明：随着表面活性剂浓度的增大,抑尘剂的表面张力和煤尘的沉降时间不断下降。其中,在浓度0~0.1%范围内,抑尘剂的表面张力和煤尘的沉降时间下降较快,在0.1%~0.4%范围内变化不大。三种表面活性剂相比较,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）复配,抑尘剂的表面张力和煤尘的沉降时间最小;SDBS和烷基糖苷（APG）复配,抑尘剂的表面张力和煤尘的沉降时间介于单因素表面活性剂（SDBS,PAM和APG）之间;PAM和APG复配,抑尘剂的表面张力和煤尘的沉降时间比单因素表面活性剂大。煤尘湿润剂的最佳方案是：在SDBS与PAM复配时,表面活性剂的表面张力最小,煤尘的沉降时间最短。

Three kinds of surfactants were selected and through single addition and pair combination six types of coal dust wetting agents were prepared to study the surface tension of different surfactants and its effect on the settling time of coal dust.Through a series of simulation experiments,the dust suppression effects of different surfactants were analyzed.Experimental results show that with the increase of surfactant concentration,the surface tension of dust suppressant and the settling time of coal dust decrease.When the concentration is 0~0.1%,the surface tension of dust suppressant and the settling time of coal dust decrease rapidly while when the concentration is 0.1% ~0.4%,no obvious changes take place.By comparing the three kinds of surfactants,it was found that when SDBS was compounded with PAM,surface tension of dust suppressant and the settling time of coal dust is the minimum;when SDBS was compounded with APG,the surface tension of dust suppressant and the settling time of coal dust keep between single factor surfactants of SDBS,PAM and APG;when PAM was compounded with APG,the surface tension of dust suppressant and the settling time of coal dust are higher than any of the single factor surfactant.Thus,with the smallest surfactant surface tension and the minimum coal suppression time,when SDBS is compounded with PAM,the best coal dust wetting effect can be reached.