牧草不同补播方式对醉马草种群特征及其草地群落多样性的影响

Effects of Different Reseeding Patterns on Population Characteristics of Achnatherum inebrians and Diversity of Grassland Community

为探究醉马草的有效生态防控措施及合理修复退化草地提供科学依据,采用红豆草、紫花苜蓿、无芒雀麦的补播及其混播方法对补播当年醉马草种群特征及其多样性进行研究。结果表明：补播在一定程度上抑制了醉马草种群的盖度、高度和干重,抑制率依次为13.67%~71.22%、26.14%~44.29%和22.13%~80.40%,且对盖度的抑制效果明显（p〈0.05）,但对草地群落总体特征影响不明显（p〉0.05）。与对照比,补播紫花苜蓿及红豆草可降低草群醉马草的重要值,显著提高草群可食牧草的产量（p〈0.05）,补播初期无芒雀麦易受杂类草的干扰,生长状况差;混播或单播紫花苜蓿能显著提高草群的物种丰富度,而划破草皮则显著降低草群的Pielou均匀度指数（p〈0.05）。整体上,机械条播红豆草或紫花苜蓿,再实施围栏封育可以抑制醉马草的生长发育,提高草地质量。

The population characteristics and diversity of current A. inebrians were studied under singly reseeding Onobrychis viciaefolia, Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis pattern and reseeding different their combination pattern to discuss the effective ecological prevention and control measures against A. inebrians and provide the scientific basis for rational rehabilitation of deteriorated grassland. Results： Reseeding can inhibit coverage, height and dry weight of A. inebrians to some extent and the inhibition ratio of the coverage, height and dry weight is 13. 67% ~71. 22%, 26. 14% ~44. 29% and 22.13%-80.40% respectively. The reseeding pattern has the significant inhibition effect on coverage of A. inebrians （p〈0. 05）but no significant effect on overall characteristics of grassland community （p〈0.05）. Reseeding M. sativa and O. viciaefolia can reduce the important value of A. inebriant community and improve yield of edible forage （p〈0. 05） compared with CK. The growth status of B. inermis is poor at early reseeding stage because its growth is disturbed by broad-leaved herb easily. Mixed reseeding and singly reseeding M. sativa can increase species abundance of grass community significantly and sward cleavage reduces Pielou evenness index significantly （p 〈 0. 05）. Overall, mechanical reseeding M. sativa or O. viciaefolia in drill and then implementing enclosure can inhibit growth and development of A. inebrians, and improve quality of grassland.