烤烟不同留叶数对上部叶质量和中性香气物质含量的影响

Effects of Different Remained Leaves on Quality and Neutral Aroma Components of Upper Leaves in Tobacco

为探明不同留叶数对烟叶质量以及风格特色的影响,以指导豫中烤烟生产,通过田间试验,比较烤烟不同留叶数（15~16片、17~18片、19~20片、21~22片）的烟叶质量差异。结果表明：随留叶数增加,烤后烟单叶重、叶质重和叶面积显著变小,留叶数15~16片的处理比21~22片的处理分别高89.51%、17.86%和48.06%;蛋白质、烟碱以及总氮降低,还原糖、总糖增高,糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比增大,化学成分趋于协调;烟叶色素含量降低,中性致香物质总含量增加;香气质、杂气、细腻度、刺激性、余味、浓香以及总得分提高,留叶数19~22片的评吸质量较好。结论：一定范围内,增加留叶数（15~22片）,有利于提高上部叶质量,豫中烤烟留叶数19~22片时,上部叶烟叶质量较好,留叶数低于18片时,上部叶质量严重下降。

The difference in tobacco quality of different remained leaves （15 ~ 16 leaves, 17 ~ 18 leaves, 19~20 leaves and 21~22 leaves） was compared to study the effects of different remained leaves on quality and characteristics of tobacco leaves for guiding tobacco production in Central area of Henan. Results. The single leaf weight, leaf quality and leaf area of the cured tobacco leaves reduce with increase of the remained leaves and the single leaf weight, leaf quality and leaf area of the cured tobacco leaves with 15~ 16 leaves are 89. 51%, 17. 86% and 48.06% higher than the cured tobacco leaves with 21~ 22 leaves respectively. The protein, nicotine and total nitrogen content of upper tobacco leaves reduces and reducing sugar and total sugar content, sugar/nicotine ratio, nitrogen/nicotine ratio and K/Chl ratio increase with increase of the remained leaves. The chemical components tend to harmony. The pigment content of tobacco leaves decreases and total content of neutral aroma matter increases. The aroma, aroma quality, offensive odor, fine and smooth degree, irritation, taste and total score increase. The smoking quality of tobacco leaves with remained 19~22 leaves is better. In conclusion, remaining 15~22 leaves is beneficial to quality improvement of upper tobacco leaves. The quality of upper tobacco leaves of tobacco plant with 19~22 leaves is the best but the quality of upper tobacco leaves of tobacco plant below 18 leaves decreases seriously.