农垦团场单位体制及其公共产品供给途径分析

Analysis of Unit System of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Its Ways of Supply of Public Goods

新疆生产建设兵团是以屯垦戍边为基本职能的经济社会组织,上政下企是其基本组织结构,农垦团场是兵团下属的基层企业单位。基于计划经济的背景和当时特殊的历史背景,农垦团场形成了单位制公共产品供给体制。在国家公共产品供给非单位化的改革中,农垦团场公共产品供给体制具有"逆非单位化"倾向,造成农垦团场社会成本沉重,企业经营失范。农垦团场公共产品供给体制创新路径必须明确政府责任、"单位制"历史路径以及"非单位化"的市场化改革原则,构建以政府公共财政为主体、农垦团场经营剩余为补充、市场化供给(特别是借鉴PPP供给模式)相结合的"三轨制"的供给路径。

The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is a social and economic organization with the basic function of cultivating and guarding the border areas. Its basic organization structure is functioning as a government body in the upper levels and as enterprises in the bottom levels, and Nongken farms are grassroots business units of the corps. Based on the background of planned economy and the special historical period, the Corps formed a u- nit public goods supply system. In the national reform of non-unit public goods supply, the Nongken farms supply system turns an inverse tendency, resulting in heavy social cost and anomalous enterprise management. In the in- novation of Nongken farms public goods supply system we must clarify the responsibility of the government, the historical path of ＂unit system＂ and the principle of market-oriented ＂non-unit＂ reform, thus to build a three-rail integrated supply system with the government public finance as the main body, Nongken farms operating surplus as a supplement, combined with market supply （especially from PPP supply mode）.