自由心证模式与印证证明模式──对我国刑事诉讼证明模式的反思

On the Proof Modes of Free Evaluation and Verification——thoughts about proof modes of criminal procedure in China

自由心证模式包含两个基本含义:自由判断和内心确信。我国刑事诉讼中普遍采用"印证证明模式",将证据之间相互印证视为证明的关键;相比较自由心证模式,印证证明模式偏重于证据的外部性,忽视证据的内省性,证明标准过高,易导致违法取证。我国印证证明模式的产生与主导认识论、非直接非言词的审理方式、以及法官的素质有一定的关系。在推进我国刑事司法进步的过程中,我们应当适当地借鉴典型的自由心证证明方式,以解决我国司法证明中存在的证明难题。

The principle of free evaluation of evidence involves two major parts： free judgment and inner conviction. The prevailing mode of proof in our country＇s criminal procedure is the ‘verification＇ mode,in which it is crucial to attain mutual verification of evidences. In comparison with free evaluation of evidence,the mode of verification is over-emphasize in externalism rather than in introspection,has overhigh standard of proof and may easily cause illegal evidence gathered. The existence of the verification mode of our country is related to our dominant epistemology,indirect trial, lack of confrontation and the quality of the trying judges. Hence, in the course of promoting the progress of our criminal justice,we should moderately borrow contents from the typical modern proof mode of free evaluation to solve the proof puzzlement of our country.