基于时间可控和随机损失的生鲜农产品供应链协调

Supply Chain Coordination for Fresh Produce under Controllable Logistics Time and Random Deterioration Loss

生鲜农产品不仅是易腐的,其寿命还具有随机性,在订货和由产地运往远方销地的过程中,面临随机供给与需求的匹配、变质损失与物流成本的平衡这两重难题。基于现代物流条件下物流时间的可控性,分别建立了分散控制和集中控制供应链的决策模型,分析得到了它们的最优订货量和最优物流时间。在此基础上,设计了一组联合契约,推导出了实现生鲜农产品供应链协调时契约参数取值范围的计算公式。研究结果表明:通过选择合理的契约参数φ,联合契约能够完美协调生鲜农产品供应链、实现供需双方帕累托最优。进一步,对变质率参数和需求价格弹性系数进行了敏感性分析,为生鲜农产品供应链实践提供了一些管理启示。

The fresh produce is not only perishable, but its lifetime is random also. So there are two challenges for the supply chain of fresh produce in the process of the fresh produce ordering and shipping from origin to re- mote market： matching stochastic supply with stochastic demand, balancing deterioration loss and logistics cost. Based on the controllable logistics time under the condition of modern logistics, the decision models of the decen- tralized system and the centralized system are established respectively. And the optimal ordering quantity and the optimal logistics time in two systems are obtained. On this basis, the combined contracts are proposed. The value range of contract parameter that can realize the coordination of supply chain is derived. The results show that the combined contracts can perfectly coordinate the supply chain, and can achieve the Pareto optimal of supplier and retailer through choosing reasonable contract parameter. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the deterioration rate factor and demand price elasticity coefficient are performed. Several managerial insights are also deduced from the analytical results.