基于物联网的内河小型渔船动态信息监控系统设计

Design of dynamic information monitoring system for small-sized fishing vessels on inland waterway based on internet of things

为规范内河流域渔业生产秩序,保障渔船作业安全,该文设计了基于物联网的内河小型渔船动态信息监控系统。该系统集成了无线传感器网络、远程信息传输、远端后台监控等多种技术方法。其中,无线传感器网络主要用于获取包括渔船位置、电捕鱼违法监测信息和渔船超载检测信息等渔业现场数据。依靠Zig Bee技术,该网络实现了对不同类别传感器数据的汇聚、判断以及远程播发。远程信息传输是利用GPRS/GSM移动通信网络与互联网传输技术,实现了多渔船作业信息向后台监控中心的实时传输。后台渔政监控中心,具有渔船在电子地图上的识别与定位,渔业生产的实时监控以及渔政执法的决策辅助等功能。该系统经测试,可满足内河流域作业渔船在实时监管和安全保障等方面的需求,提高了农业渔政管理的水平。

In order to standardize the fishery production order and protect the fishing operation safety in the river, the dynamic information monitoring system for small-sized inland waterway fishing vessels was proposed based on the Internet of Things（IOT） application. This system included several technologies： wireless sensor networks, remote information transmission networks, and the terminal fishery monitoring center. In this system, wireless sensor networks were applied to obtain fishery field data, including vessel position signals, monitoring information of electrofishing, and detection information of fishing vessel overload. Vessel position signals were acquired by NovA tel RTK-L1/L2 global positioning system receiver. Based on the principle of high-frequency pulse electric signal detection in water, the sensing circuit was designed to monitor electrofishing illegal operations. The overload detection was executed through pressure sensor installed on ship＇s load draft mark, which could transform water pressure to fishing vessel draft, and judge accurately the overload. In addition, wireless sensor networks could normalize these sensor data of different types, detect fishing violations automatically, and transmit them to remote information transmission networks. Each fishing vessel was equipped with a wireless sensor network based on Zig Bee. It comprised multiple acquisition nodes, multiple route nodes, and a gateway node. Acquisition nodes and route nodes could gather fishery field data of fishing vessels. As an inter-connected network integration access, the gateway node was connected to remote information transmission networks. Remote information transmission networks comprised the mobile communications network of GPRS（general packet radio service）/GSM（global system for mobile communication） and internet. Fishery field data were transmitted by the mobile communication network and internet, and uploaded to the terminal fishery monitoring center through private data link immediately. The purpose of the terminal fishery monitoring center was to identify fishing vessels on the electronic map, monitor fishing violations, and provide assistance to fishery management. This monitoring center contained 5 modules, which were user administration, location display, illegal alarm, data analysis, and data storage. The module of user administration was applied to the authorization of the user＇s identity and the maintenance of the system. The field information of fishing vessels could be displayed immediately by the module of location display and illegal alarm. The location database and the illegal case database had also been set up for storage and analysis in monitoring center, in order to query and analyze historical fishery data conveniently. The software system of terminal fishery monitoring center, including Lab VIEW2013, Arc GIS Engine 10.2 and SQL server 2008, could provide fishery administrators with a visual image of real-time data monitoring platform. At last, the experiment was conducted on Jialing River in Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, China. Particularly, in the test on electrofishing monitoring, the sensor was installed on the stern of the small-sized fishing vessel（No.YBY 077）. The electronic fishing equipment, with 300 W average power, 100 V voltage effective value and 50 KHz frequency, worked in water at a distance from 6.21 to 1.23 m outside the fishing vessel. And the results demonstrated that the electrofishing monitoring sensor effectively detected fishing illegal operations within 5 m. In another test, 2 fishing vessels（No.YBY 018, No.YBYF 013） were loaded with sandbags in different distribution and different weight, to verify the validity of the overload detection sensor. And the results showed that these sensors could not only correctly distinguish the overload condition, but also accurately judge the uneven load state of fishing vessel. Also this dynamic information monitoring system was tested in Beibei District for more than 2 months（from January to February in 2015）, and the hardware and software system could work cooperatively and stably. This dynamic information monitoring system for small-sized inland waterway fishing vessels provides simple and effective monitoring information to the fishery administrators, which is helpful to improve work efficiency and solve some problems of fishery management of inland waters in China.