海南省甘蔗根际寄生线虫调查与鉴定

Investigation and Identification of Parasitic Nematodes Extracted From Rhizosphere of Sugarcane in Hainan Island

从海南省9个植蔗县(市)采集甘蔗根际土壤样本40份,用浅盘分离法分离线虫,并对线虫进行系统的形态学观测。结果表明:共分离得到寄生线虫12属;发生最普遍的线虫为矮化属(Tylenchorhynchus)和短体属(Pratylenchus),检出率分别为45.0%和37.5%;分布较广的线虫包括螺旋属(Helicotylenchus)、丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)、潜根属(Hirschmanniella)和拟毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);零星发生的种类有小环属(Criconemella)、纽带属(Hoplolaimus)、盘旋属(Rotylenchus)、细纹垫刃属(Lelenchus)、剑尾垫刃属(Malenchus)和根结属(Meloidogyne)。另外,结合形态描述和测量数据,共鉴定出11个种,分别为薄叶小环线虫(C.xenoplax(Raski,1952)Luc&Raski,1981)、饰环矮化线虫(T.annulatus(Cassidy,1930)Golden,1971)、农田矮化线虫(T.agri Feriss,1963)、细尖潜根线虫(H.mucronata(Das,1960)Luc&Goodey,1963)、贝宁潜根线虫(H.behningi(Micoletzky,1923)Luc&Goodey,1963)、刻尾螺旋线虫(H.crenacauda Sher,1966)、双宫螺旋线虫(H.dihystera(Cobb,1893)Sher,1961)、伤残短体线虫(P.vulnus Allen&Jensen,1951)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(P.scribneri Steiner,1943)、帽状纽带线虫(H.galeatus(Cobb,1913)Thorne,1935)和厚皮拟毛刺线虫(P.pachydermus(Seinhorst,1954)Siddiqi,1974)。其中薄叶小环线虫为国内在甘蔗上首次报道。

Forty soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of sugarcane in nine sugarcane producing counties in Hainan Island. Morphological identification of the nematodes isolated from the samples was carried out. The results showed that there were totally 12 genera of sugarcane parasitic nematodes. Tylenchorhynchus and Pratylenchus were the main genera of sugarcane in Hainan Island, and their occurrence rates were 45.0% and 37.5% respectively. Other common genera were Helicotylenchus, Filenchus, Hirschmanniella and Paratrichodorus. Criconemella, Hoplolaimus, Rotylenchus, Lelenchus, Malenchus and Meloidogyne occurred sporadically. In addition, 11 species in 7 genera were identified. They were C. xenoplax （Raski, 1952） Luc ＆ Raski, 1981, T. annulatus （Cassidy, 1930） Golden, 1971, T. agri Feriss, 1963, H. mucronata （Das, 1960） Luc ＆ Goodey, 1963, H. behningi （Micoletzky, 1923） Luc ＆ Goodey, 1963, H. crenacauda Sher, 1966, H. dihystera （Cobb, 1893） Sher, 1961, P vulnus Allen ＆ Jensen, 1951, P scribneri Steiner, 1943, H. galeatus （Cobb, 1913）Thome, 1935, P. pachydermus （Seinhorst, 1954） Siddiqi, 1974. Among them, C xenoplax was firstly reported on sugarcane in China.