我国冷冻胚胎的相关法律问题研究

Research on Frozen Embryos Related Legal Issues in China

我国关于冷冻胚胎的法律规制和界定还比较模糊,虽然相关立法并非空白,但均注重对辅助生殖中出现的权利和义务的规制,而没有对冷冻胚胎这个核心概念加以解释,造成了司法上的难题。本文在对冷冻胚胎的相关学说和我国现行法律进行解析的基础上,建议在现有的相关部门规章中加入冷冻胚胎的名词解释以及对于冷冻胚胎法律属性的界定,并尽快由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定出《中华人民共和国早期人类胚胎法》,认定冷冻胚胎在我国可以作为继承的对象,同时将冷冻胚胎的监管权和处置权进行分开规制,规定由医疗机构和胚胎所有者共同行使监管权,而处置权只由胚胎所有者行使。在此基础上,我国司法界才能对与冷冻胚胎有关问题进行更深层次以及更严格的规制。

Frozen embryos, deriving from the assisted reproduction, were well researched in medicine, but in the legal sense, the structure and definition about frozen embryos are still fuzzy. In China, legislation on assisted reproduction lacks for the explanation or definition of the core concepts of frozen embryos, therefore, the legal attribute and practice of frozen embryos do get no specification, and this creates a legal conundrum. The first frozen embryos case of China initiates a lively discussion, which creates a perfect timing to analyze related doctrines and regulations in force and then find out a good way to regulate frozen embryos.